Chromosomes and cell division

Question 1

Telomeres

Answer 1

5’ - TTAGGG - 3’ repeats at the end of chromosomes

Question 2

Mitosis

Answer 2

two new daughter cells created

diploid cells form diploid cells

Question 3

Meiosis

Answer 3

produces haploid cells from diploid cells

Question 4

Fertilisation

Answer 4

produces diploid cells from haploid cells

Question 5

how many base pairs?

Answer 5

3 billion

Question 6

how many human genes

Answer 6

20-30000

Question 7

how much DNA is protein coding DNA?

Answer 7

about 2%

Question 8

Chromatin

Answer 8

DNA packaged with histone proteins

Question 9

Histones have a ………. charge

Answer 9

positive

Question 10

Histones in chromatin are packed into units called

Answer 10

nucleosomes

Question 11

FISH

Answer 11

Fluorescent in situ hybridisation

Question 12

Cell division in germ cells

Answer 12

meiosis

Question 13

Oogenesis

Answer 13

egg formation

Question 14

Spermatogenesis

Answer 14

sperm formation

Question 15

Sperm go through more………….. than eggs do

Answer 15

cell divisions

so more chance of mutation

Question 16

Sickle cell disorders

Answer 16

abnormal HB gene

Question 17

Shaped in family history BOYS

Answer 17

square

Question 18

shapes in family history GIRLS

Answer 18

circle

Question 19

Cystic Fibrosis

Answer 19

1 in 25 in the UK are carriers

single gene (>3000 mutations)

Question 20

Autosomal Dominant inheritance

Answer 20

each child would have 50% chance of inheriting the mutation

Question 21

X-linked / sex linked inheritance

Answer 21

only males are affected classically

Question 22

Multiple genes in the same molecular pathway can cause the same…

Answer 22

Mendelian Disease

Question 23

Trisomy 13

Answer 23

Patau Syndrome

Question 24

Trisomy 18

Answer 24

Edwards syndrome

Question 25

Turner Syndrome

Answer 25

45 - X

Question 26

Klinefelter syndrome

Answer 26

47 XXY

Question 27

Transitions

Answer 27

Purine to Purine

Question 28

Transversions

Answer 28

Purine to pyrimidine

Question 29

Chromatin

Answer 29

mixture of DNA, RNA and proteins

Question 30

nucleosomes and folding of chromatin are…

Answer 30

barriers to enzymes

Question 31

Chromatin is made more available by….

Answer 31

histones being genetically modified

histone being displace by chromatin remodelling complexes

Question 32

Chromosomes are compact and VISIBLE during….

Answer 32

metaphase

Question 33

Exons

Answer 33

Coding regions

Question 34

Introns

Answer 34

Non-coding regions

Question 35

Major role of RNA

Answer 35

to participate in protein synthesis

DNA –> mRNA/tRNA/rRNA –> protein

Question 36

tRNA

Answer 36

major role to TRANSLATE mRNA sequence into an AA sequence

Question 37

rRNA

Answer 37

component of ribosomes

transported into the cytoplasm where they combine with proteins to form a ribosome