Classification

Question 1

Systemics

Answer 1

the study of the evolutionary relationships among organisms

Question 2

Taxonomy-

Answer 2

science of naming describing and classifying organisms into categories called taxa

Question 3

Classification-

Answer 3

arranging organisms into groups based on their similarities, which reflect evolutionary relationships

Question 4

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 4

simplified classification by developing binomial system of nomenclature

Question 5

binomial system of nomenclature

Answer 5

each species is assigned a two part name; Derived from Greek or Latin roots; First part- genus- always capitalized and either italicized or underlined. Second part- specific identifier, not usually capitalized, but italicized or underlined.

Question 6

Taxanomic Categories definition

Answer 6

Categories range from species to kingdom (or domain) and form a hierarchy

Question 7

Taxanomic Categories

Answer 7

Domain –>Kingdom–>Phylum–>Class–>Order–>Family–>Genus–>Species (Do Koalas Pray for Candy Or For Good Sleep)

Question 8

R.H. Whittaker

Answer 8

by 1969 proposed a five-kingdom classification based on Presence of nuclear membrane; uni/multicellular; mode of nutrient intake

Question 9

R.H. Whittaker’s kingdoms

Answer 9

Prokaryotes (Monera), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Question 10

Carl Woese

Answer 10

In 1970’s, Carl Woese found that based on nucleotide sequence of ribosomal RNA, prokaryotes should be broken into two separate and distinct groups:
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria (or just Bacteria)

Question 11

Domain

Answer 11

Most systemists use a level of classification above the kingdom, called the domain.
Three domains:
Archea, Eubacteria, Eukarya

Question 12

Archea

Answer 12

have a combination of bacteria-like and eukaryote-like genes and appear more closely related to eukarya

Question 13

6 kingdoms

Answer 13

Eubacteria o Archeabacteria o Protista o Fungi o Plantae o Animalia

Question 14

The goal of systemics

Answer 14

reconstruct phylogeny , or the evolutionary history of a group of organisms from a common ancestor, and to build classifications based on common ancestry

Question 15

Shared ancestral characters-

Answer 15

features that are present in an ancestral species and remain present in all groups that descend from that ancestor

Question 16

Shared derived characters-

Answer 16

traits found in two or more taxa that first appeared in their most recent common ancestor

Question 17

Cladogram-

Answer 17

branching diagram in which each branch represents the divergence of two or more new groups from a common ancestor

Question 18

Node-

Answer 18

each branch point which represents the immediate common ancestor of next group. Tells us which taxa shared a common ancestor and how recently they shared a common ancestor but does not tell us what common ancestor is

Question 19

cladogram

Answer 19

Select an “ingroup” of organisms with traits that suggest they might be related. Although the organisms share similarities, they may also differ in certain characteristics. Check for presence (+) or absence (-) of seven traits and tabulate them. Identify the “outgroup”- species with fewest derived traits compared to others