Classic Perspectives and Theories in Psychology

Question 0

Functionalism: William James (1842-1910)

Answer 0

Focused on the scientific study of human consciousness. Described consciousness as a never-ending, constantly changing stream of thoughts, feelings and sensations. How people adapt to their environment.

Question 1

Structuralism: Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

Answer 1

Focused on the scientific study of human consciousness. The first school of thought in Psychology.

Question 2

Psychoanalysis: Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Answer 2

Focused on the unconscious experience and the role of unconscious conflicts and motivations in understanding and explaining behaviour and mental processes. Observed patients and family members.

Question 3

Behaviourism: John B. Watson (1878-1958)

Answer 3

Proposed that psychology should focus on the scientific study of observable behaviour that could be objectively measured and confirmed. Still a major perspective in contemporary psychology.

Question 4

Humanism: Carl Rogers (1902-1987)

Answer 4

Focused on the uniqueness of each individual person and the positive qualities and potential of all human beings to fulfil their lives. Worked with people who sought his assistance.