CLASSES OF ABX: TETRACYCLINES

Question 1

Examples

Answer 1

• Doxycycline
• Demeocycline
• Lymecycline
• Minocycline
• Oxytetracycline
• Tetracycline
• Tigecycline

Question 2

MOA

Answer 2

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Binds to ribosomal 30S subunit

Question 3

What spectrum

Answer 3

broad-spectrum bacteriostatic action.

mino is most broad

Question 4

indications

Answer 4

• Chlamydia
• Rickettsia
• Acne
• Rosacea

Question 5

Doxycycline

Answer 5

Malaria + Chlamydia
OD
Taken with food

Question 6

Tigecycline

Answer 6

Antibiotic that is structurally related to tetracyclines

Question 7

Side effects

Answer 7

• DNV
• Antibiotic-associated colitis
• Dysphagia, Oesophageal irritation
• Hepatotoxicity
• Blood disorders
• Photosensitivity, hypersensitivity.
• Lupus-erythrematous-like syndrome and irreversible pigmentation
• Benign intracranial hypertension
• Teeth discoloration and bone deposit

Question 8

Lupus-erythrematous-like syndrome and irreversible pigmentation

Answer 8

Highest risk of minocycline

Question 9

Benign intracranial hypertension

Answer 9

Headaches
Visual disturbances
STOP

Question 10

Teeth discoloration and bone deposit

Answer 10

Do not give children under 12 or pregnant women

Question 11

Under 12 doxy

Answer 11

Do not give
- Deposits in growing bone and teeth.
- Causes teeth discolouration + dental enamel (hypoplasia)

Question 12

Contraindications and cautions

Answer 12

• Hepatic and renal
• Photosensitivity
• Mysasthenia gravis
• Children < 12
• Preg bf

Question 13

Photosensitivity

Answer 13

Avoid exposure to sunlight or sunlamps

DD
- Doxycycline
- Demeclocycline

Question 14

Dysphagia

Answer 14

Tablets should be swallowed whole with plenty of fluid whilst sitting or standing

Question 15

Mysasthenia gravia

Answer 15

May increase muscle weakness in patients with myasthenia gravis and exacerbate systemic lupus erythematosus.

Question 16

Renal impairment

Answer 16

Avoid tetracyclines EXCEPT
- Doxycycline
- Minocycline

Question 17

Hepatic impairment

Answer 17

Hepatotoxic
Avoid or use with caution, ESPECIALLY with concomitant hepatotoxic drugs

Question 18

Counselling points

Answer 18

• Antacids and aluminium, calcium, iron, magnesium and zinc salts decrease the absorption of tetracyclines;
• milk also reduces the absorption of demeclocycline, oxytetracycline and tetracycline.
• Tetracycline tablets, doxycycline capsules, minocycline tablets or capsules should all be swallowed whole with plenty of fluid while sitting or standing.

Question 19

do not take milk, indigesition remedies or medicines containing iron or zinc 2 hours before or after taking this medicine

Answer 19

Apart from DLM (does like milk)
Doxy
Lyme
Mino

Question 20

Avoid milk

Answer 20

DOT
- Demeclocycline
- Oxytetracycline
- Tetracycline

Question 21

Oesophageal irritation

Answer 21

DMT
- Doxycycline (caps)
- Minocycline (caps/tabs)
- Tetracycline (tabs)
Swallow whole with plenty of fluid during meals whilst sitting or standing upright

Question 22

What gap is required between doxycycline and the typhoid vaccine

Answer 22

3 days