class 7: causal claims

Question 1

what are causal explanations

Answer 1

its the author’s interpretation of cause and effect relationships

Question 2

causal claims

Answer 2

it is a type of claim

cause and effect relationships

they are difficult to identify

in business world, a lot of things can cause certain outcomes

Question 3

rival causes

also name three types

Answer 3

same evidence can be consistent with different interpretations

other alternative correlations

1. differences between groups
2. association of characteristics

     reverse causation?
     effect of third variable?

3. the post hoc ergo of post fallacy, chain of events leading to certain correlation

Question 4

causal assumption

Answer 4

does not depends on the info actually given to make correlation

basically an underlying assumption but have to do cause and effect shit

ex: golfers have more money

Question 5

what does the plausible alternative cause

Answer 5

depends on the causal assumption

ex: Golfers have more money, hence they can pay healthcare and be healthier

try to look at the third variable

Question 6

why are causal links and cause and effect relationships important

Answer 6

to make sense out of everything

for decision making and reasoned action

Question 7

difference between groups (1)

Answer 7

when author says that an outcome is caused by specific difference between groups

we must look at the relevant differences between groups

if we find other factors that makes two groups different, then we have plausible rival clause

Question 8

correlation between characteristics:

reverse causation (2)

Answer 8

correlation between two factors and they have a causal link

if the claim is that A causes B, but B can also cause A, then we have a plausible reverse causation

Question 9

correlation between characteristics:

third factor (2)

Answer 9

two factors strongly correlated but no causal link

even if there is strong correlation , does not mean the causal link makes sense

we must look If there is a third factor

Question 10

post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy (3)

Answer 10

after this, therefore, because of this

this is an error in our reasoning

event followed by another does not always mean that first event caused the second

Question 11

experimental research, what is the goal?

Answer 11

to test causal claims

rule out causal rival explanations

essential tool in improving understanding of business practice

Question 12

why do authors use causal claims

Answer 12

because they believe certain events cause effects

Question 13

in the experimental research, why do researchers use random assignment?

Answer 13

to ensure theres no difference between groups

Question 14

is there often more than one plausible alternative cause?

Answer 14

ye boyyy