Class 2: Claims and evidence

Question 1

board of directors

Answer 1

they are the head of an organization

they run it and can be for profit or non profit

Question 2

Chief Executive Officer

Answer 2

highest ranking executive in a company

makes major corporate decisions
manages overall resource allocations and operations

Question 3

Globalization

Answer 3

when shit goes global

connects the whole world

makes countries interdependent

Question 4

What is a claim

Answer 4

major conclusions of a piece of writing that author is trying to persuade you to accept

can be explicit or implicit

Question 5

what are some of the cue words to find claims

Answer 5

thus, in summary, I believe that, in short, etc

Question 6

uncontestable claims

Answer 6

general knowledge of everyone and nobody bothers
ex: Montreal Cold af boy

if there is gyu evidence supported by gyu research, then uncontestable

agreement among experts

facts independent of interpretation (ex: Quebec is bigger than Nova Scotia)

incontestable if consistent with our own experiences and observations

technical or mathematical claims

sometimes, claims without challenge that can be re examined and contested years after thooo

Question 7

how to present claims

Answer 7

intelligible

fair summary

concise manner

paraphrasing sometimes

for longer texts, authors provide list of important concepts

with concept lists and concepts maps

Question 8

where can claims be found

Answer 8

usually near beginning or the end

check for the cue words (if explicitly stated)

if its implicit you gotta formulate it in your own words

Question 9

concepts maps

Answer 9

practical way of summarizing complex material

visual way of highlighting main issues and relationship

become increasingly important in communication

1. start with list of main ideas
2. let structure develop as you form relationships
3. make it more precise
4. make sure its well labeled and that significance of images is the same as in text

never be more than one page

evoke ideas in one page that would take pages of writing

Question 10

fffffffffff4g5

Answer 10

ye

Question 11

I believe in you!!!!!!!!!!!! don’t fuck up

Answer 11

you retard

tkt

Question 12

evidence

Answer 12

reasoning used to support the claim

based on this that we choose whether we accept the claim or nah

can be stats, previous claims, details of past events, etc.

Each piece of evidence supported by other evidence

Question 13

contestable claims

Answer 13

we need too question truth or falsity if it doesn’t fall in the categories of incontestable claims

political commentaries or newspaper editorials are gyu source of contestable claims
people find these much more interesting than claims without challenge

often introduce new ideas awakening curiosity

often times presented as if it were a fact

when presenting these, authors MUST provide evidence to support their position and its gotta be gyu

Question 14

what is an argument

Answer 14

combination of the claim and the argument

Question 15

Quality of evidence

Answer 15

ACCURACY: allows to give it credibility

PRECISION: to not be ambiguous
(ex: saying a lot of money instead of 5600$), but don’t too too precise

SUFFICIENT: one piece of data isn’t enough

REPRESENT: sources of evidence should match population of claim
(ex: can’t use students to represent all of Canadians)

AUTHORITY: source of the evidence is important to back up claim, need experts for it

CLARITY OF EXPRESSION: have to explain what your evidence means

Question 16

fallacy of hasty generalization

Answer 16

when there isn’t sufficient data to support evidence

Question 17

fallacy of false appeal to authority

Answer 17

we accept testimony of someone who has no expertise on that area

Question 18

appeal to the people (bandwagon effect)

Answer 18

many people believe something, hence you believe it too

Question 19

Bottom line

Answer 19

a company’s income after all expenses have been deducted from revenues

net earnings or net profits

expenses include interest paid on loans, taxes and general costs

Question 20

Emotional intelligence

Answer 20

being sensitive and perceptive of other people’s emotions

ability to facilitate improved performance based on this knowledge

plays big role in business nowadays because of open communication, teamwork and mutual respect with supervisors

managers with great leadership skills have a good emotional intelligence

Question 21

Knowledge workers

Answer 21

workers whose main capital is knowledge

job involves handling or using information

the business world nowadays runs on knowledge, so we are most knowledge workers
it is crucial we constantly learn everyday to improve our skills

differentiated from other workers by their ability to solve complex problems or to develop new products or services in their fields of expertise

Question 22

outsourcing in business

Answer 22

has become a major trend

certain job functions done outside the company instead f having a department for it

functions can be outsourced to a company our individual

Question 23

what is the first thing we have to find before the thesis

Answer 23

the claim

pointless to criticize thesis if can’t find the claim