Class 2: Claims and evidence Flashcards
board of directors
they are the head of an organization
they run it and can be for profit or non profit
Chief Executive Officer
highest ranking executive in a company
makes major corporate decisions
manages overall resource allocations and operations
Globalization
when shit goes global
connects the whole world
makes countries interdependent
What is a claim
major conclusions of a piece of writing that author is trying to persuade you to accept
can be explicit or implicit
what are some of the cue words to find claims
thus, in summary, I believe that, in short, etc
uncontestable claims
general knowledge of everyone and nobody bothers
ex: Montreal Cold af boy
if there is gyu evidence supported by gyu research, then uncontestable
agreement among experts
facts independent of interpretation (ex: Quebec is bigger than Nova Scotia)
incontestable if consistent with our own experiences and observations
technical or mathematical claims
sometimes, claims without challenge that can be re examined and contested years after thooo
how to present claims
intelligible
fair summary
concise manner
paraphrasing sometimes
for longer texts, authors provide list of important concepts
with concept lists and concepts maps
where can claims be found
usually near beginning or the end
check for the cue words (if explicitly stated)
if its implicit you gotta formulate it in your own words
concepts maps
practical way of summarizing complex material
visual way of highlighting main issues and relationship
become increasingly important in communication
- start with list of main ideas
- let structure develop as you form relationships
- make it more precise
- make sure its well labeled and that significance of images is the same as in text
never be more than one page
evoke ideas in one page that would take pages of writing
fffffffffff4g5
ye
I believe in you!!!!!!!!!!!! don’t fuck up
you retard
tkt
evidence
reasoning used to support the claim
based on this that we choose whether we accept the claim or nah
can be stats, previous claims, details of past events, etc.
Each piece of evidence supported by other evidence
contestable claims
we need too question truth or falsity if it doesn’t fall in the categories of incontestable claims
political commentaries or newspaper editorials are gyu source of contestable claims
people find these much more interesting than claims without challenge
often introduce new ideas awakening curiosity
often times presented as if it were a fact
when presenting these, authors MUST provide evidence to support their position and its gotta be gyu
what is an argument
combination of the claim and the argument
Quality of evidence
ACCURACY: allows to give it credibility
PRECISION: to not be ambiguous
(ex: saying a lot of money instead of 5600$), but don’t too too precise
SUFFICIENT: one piece of data isn’t enough
REPRESENT: sources of evidence should match population of claim
(ex: can’t use students to represent all of Canadians)
AUTHORITY: source of the evidence is important to back up claim, need experts for it
CLARITY OF EXPRESSION: have to explain what your evidence means
fallacy of hasty generalization
when there isn’t sufficient data to support evidence
fallacy of false appeal to authority
we accept testimony of someone who has no expertise on that area
appeal to the people (bandwagon effect)
many people believe something, hence you believe it too
Bottom line
a company’s income after all expenses have been deducted from revenues
net earnings or net profits
expenses include interest paid on loans, taxes and general costs
Emotional intelligence
being sensitive and perceptive of other people’s emotions
ability to facilitate improved performance based on this knowledge
plays big role in business nowadays because of open communication, teamwork and mutual respect with supervisors
managers with great leadership skills have a good emotional intelligence
Knowledge workers
workers whose main capital is knowledge
job involves handling or using information
the business world nowadays runs on knowledge, so we are most knowledge workers
it is crucial we constantly learn everyday to improve our skills
differentiated from other workers by their ability to solve complex problems or to develop new products or services in their fields of expertise
outsourcing in business
has become a major trend
certain job functions done outside the company instead f having a department for it
functions can be outsourced to a company our individual
what is the first thing we have to find before the thesis
the claim
pointless to criticize thesis if can’t find the claim
