Class 7 Flashcards
What is Acne?
➤ disorder of hair follicle & sebaceous gland
➤ excess sebum production can plug pore of pilosebaceous unit
➤ inflammatory or non-inflammatory lesions
➤ inflammatory = papules, pustules, nodules, cysts
➤ non-inflammatory = Comedones such as blackheads and
whiteheads
➤ 2 types: Acne Vulgaris & Acne Conglobata
(Acne inflammatory vs. non-inflammatory lesions) inflammatory = ____________, _____________, ____________, ______________.
papules, pustules, nodules, cysts
(Acne inflammatory vs. non-inflammatory lesions) Non-Inflammatory = ____________ such as _______________ and _______________.
Comedones such as blackheads and whiteheads
What are the 2 types of Acne?
Acne Vulgaris & Acne Conglobata
What is Acne Vulgaris?
➤ adolescents & young adults
➤ face & neck mostly then back, chest & shoulder
➤ inflammatory or non-inflammatory
➤ unknown cause
➤ severity > men
➤ stress & genetics usually prolong condition in women
What is treatment for Acne Vulgaris?
• clear up existing lesions, prevent new ones, limit scaring
• use orif creams, ointments, lotions, comedolytics,
astringents, vitamin A, low dose antibiotics
What is Acne Conglobata?
➤ post adolescence
➤ chronic form of acne
➤ inflammatory & non-inflammatory lesions
➤ discharge is odoriferous, serous & purulent
➤ healing often leaves keloid scars
What is Rosacea?
➤ chronic inflammatory process
➤ more common in adults > 40, fair skinned people + women
➤ can be confused for acne & can occur with acne
➤ unknown etiology
➤ vascular instability which causes leakage of fluid & inflammatory mediators into dermis
➤ accompanied by GI symptoms
➤ early on blushing episodes then dark, red erythema with domed papules to nose, cheeks, forehead & chin
➤ can effect eyes & eyelids
➤ Rhinophyma can result over years
➤ heat sensitive
What is Scabies?
➤ caused by mites burrowing into epidermis
➤ transferred by person to person contact
➤ red/reddish brown small lesion/burrow, may be covered in small vesicles
➤ pruritis is common, excoriation from scratching
How to deal with Scabies?
• Mite killing agents, disinfecting clothes, bedding, avoid
contact to known infected people/things
What is PEDICULOSIS (LICE)?
➤ small insects that live off blood of animals
➤ host specific & dependent
➤ 3 types that infest humans
1. pediculus corporis
2. pediculus pubis (aka Crabs)
3. pediculus capitis
➤ transmission by direct & indirect personal contact
➤ pruritis & scratching are primary indicators leading to redness & excoriation
What are the 3 types of lice that infest humans?
- pediculus corporis
- pediculus pubis (aka Crabs)
- pediculus capitis
How to deal with PEDICULOSIS (LICE)?
• insecticide shampoos + removing with comb
• lice killing agents, disinfecting clothes, bedding, avoid contact to known infected people/things
What are the 3 types of UV Rays?
- UVC
- UVB
- UVA
What are the effects of ultra violet radiation (UVR)?
• damages skin cells
• accelerates effects of aging
• produces changes that can lead to cancer
What does the acronym CHESS (for sun protection) stand for?
C- clothing
H- hats
E- eye glasses
S- sunscreens
S- shade
What is a sunburn?
➤ erythematous, inflammatory reaction due to excessive exposure to UVR
➤ various degrees
➤ severe would present as inflammation, blistering, weakness, chills, fever, pain & scaling & peeling to follow
How to deal with sunburn?
• anti-inflammtory meds, cold compress, cool bath, moisturizing creams
• 2nd or 3rd degrees burns - hospital
• NO massage to site, cool hydro is ok
What is skin cancer?
➤ most common type of cancer
➤ easily diagnosis & treatment is key
What are NEVI (MOLES)?
➤ common benign tumours of skin
➤ proliferation of melanocytes which grow in clusters along dermal/epidermal junction
➤ can be pigmented, non-pigmented, flat, elevated, hairy or non-hairy
➤ Dysplastic Nevus: a form of nevus that has the capacity to transform into malignant melanoma
➤ can be identified using ABCDE
➤ Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter, Evolution
What is Dysplastic Nevus?
• Form of nevus, has capacity to transform into malignant melanoma
What does the acronym ABCDE stand for to identify NEVI (MOLES)?
Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter, Evolution
How to deal with NEVI (MOLES)?
• Refer to Dr!
What is MALIGNANT MELANOMA?
➤ rapidly progressing malignant tumour or melanocytes
➤ usually from pre-existing nevi
➤ increased risk in fair skinned people, family history, freckled skin, multiple blistering sunburns, immunosuppression
➤ slightly raised, irregular border, uneven surface
➤ metastasis is common
How to deal with MALIGNANT MELANOMA?
• surgical excision
What is SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA?
➤ 2nd most common malignant tumour of outer epidermis
➤ men 2x more likely
➤ red scaled, keratotic, slightly elevated lesion with irregular border, usually within shallow ulcer
➤ metastasis is common
How to deal with SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA?
• surgery or topical chemo
What is BASAL CELL CARCINOMA?
➤ neoplasm of non-keratinizing cells of basal layer of
epidermis
➤ most common skin cancer in light skinned people
➤ sun exposure is risk factor
➤ lesions can be small, flesh or pink coloured, smooth,
translucent nodules OR flat, non-palpable erythematous
plaque enlarges over time
➤ usually non-metastasizing
What is HEMANGIOMAS OF INFANCY (STRAWBERRY HEMANGIOMAS)?
➤ small red lesions
➤ noticed shortly after birth
➤ begin as vascular tumours due to proliferation of endothelial cells then there is rapid proliferation followed by slow involution
➤ usually disappear by age 7 without scarring
➤ premature babies & girls are more common
What are PORT WINE STAINS?
➤ vascular birth mark
➤ pink or red patch
➤ usually on face
➤ slow growing capillary malformations frow & become
darker as child grows
➤ persists throughout life
How to deal with PORT WINE STAINS?
• laser therapy
What are some examples of NORMAL CHANGES TO SKIN WITH AGE?
➤ thinning of epidermis & dermis
➤ diminution of subcutaneous tissue, loss of elasticity,
wrinkling
➤ decrease in number of melanocytes
➤ decrease & thickening of blood vessels
➤ decrease resistance to environmental & mechanical trauma
➤ longer tissue repair times
➤ less hair & nail growth, hair pigment loss
➤ less sebaceous gland activity
What are examples of COMMON SKIN LESIONS?
➤ skin tags
➤ keratosis: benign (seborrheic) or pre-cancerous (actinic)
➤ lentigines
➤ vascular types: telangiectases & venous lakes
