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Systems > Class 7 > Flashcards

Class 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Acne?

A

➤ disorder of hair follicle & sebaceous gland
➤ excess sebum production can plug pore of pilosebaceous unit
➤ inflammatory or non-inflammatory lesions
➤ inflammatory = papules, pustules, nodules, cysts
➤ non-inflammatory = Comedones such as blackheads and
whiteheads
➤ 2 types: Acne Vulgaris & Acne Conglobata

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2
Q

(Acne inflammatory vs. non-inflammatory lesions) inflammatory = ____________, _____________, ____________, ______________.

A

papules, pustules, nodules, cysts

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3
Q

(Acne inflammatory vs. non-inflammatory lesions) Non-Inflammatory = ____________ such as _______________ and _______________.

A

Comedones such as blackheads and whiteheads

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of Acne?

A

Acne Vulgaris & Acne Conglobata

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5
Q

What is Acne Vulgaris?

A

➤ adolescents & young adults
➤ face & neck mostly then back, chest & shoulder
➤ inflammatory or non-inflammatory
➤ unknown cause
➤ severity > men
➤ stress & genetics usually prolong condition in women

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6
Q

What is treatment for Acne Vulgaris?

A

• clear up existing lesions, prevent new ones, limit scaring
• use orif creams, ointments, lotions, comedolytics,
astringents, vitamin A, low dose antibiotics

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7
Q

What is Acne Conglobata?

A

➤ post adolescence
➤ chronic form of acne
➤ inflammatory & non-inflammatory lesions
➤ discharge is odoriferous, serous & purulent
➤ healing often leaves keloid scars

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8
Q

What is Rosacea?

A

➤ chronic inflammatory process
➤ more common in adults > 40, fair skinned people + women
➤ can be confused for acne & can occur with acne
➤ unknown etiology
➤ vascular instability which causes leakage of fluid & inflammatory mediators into dermis
➤ accompanied by GI symptoms
➤ early on blushing episodes then dark, red erythema with domed papules to nose, cheeks, forehead & chin
➤ can effect eyes & eyelids
➤ Rhinophyma can result over years
➤ heat sensitive

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9
Q

What is Scabies?

A

➤ caused by mites burrowing into epidermis
➤ transferred by person to person contact
➤ red/reddish brown small lesion/burrow, may be covered in small vesicles
➤ pruritis is common, excoriation from scratching

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10
Q

How to deal with Scabies?

A

• Mite killing agents, disinfecting clothes, bedding, avoid
contact to known infected people/things

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11
Q

What is PEDICULOSIS (LICE)?

A

➤ small insects that live off blood of animals
➤ host specific & dependent
➤ 3 types that infest humans
1. pediculus corporis
2. pediculus pubis (aka Crabs)
3. pediculus capitis
➤ transmission by direct & indirect personal contact
➤ pruritis & scratching are primary indicators leading to redness & excoriation

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of lice that infest humans?

A
  1. pediculus corporis
  2. pediculus pubis (aka Crabs)
  3. pediculus capitis
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13
Q

How to deal with PEDICULOSIS (LICE)?

A

• insecticide shampoos + removing with comb
• lice killing agents, disinfecting clothes, bedding, avoid contact to known infected people/things

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14
Q

What are the 3 types of UV Rays?

A
  1. UVC
  2. UVB
  3. UVA
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15
Q

What are the effects of ultra violet radiation (UVR)?

A

• damages skin cells
• accelerates effects of aging
• produces changes that can lead to cancer

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16
Q

What does the acronym CHESS (for sun protection) stand for?

A

C- clothing
H- hats
E- eye glasses
S- sunscreens
S- shade

17
Q

What is a sunburn?

A

➤ erythematous, inflammatory reaction due to excessive exposure to UVR
➤ various degrees
➤ severe would present as inflammation, blistering, weakness, chills, fever, pain & scaling & peeling to follow

18
Q

How to deal with sunburn?

A

• anti-inflammtory meds, cold compress, cool bath, moisturizing creams
• 2nd or 3rd degrees burns - hospital
• NO massage to site, cool hydro is ok

19
Q

What is skin cancer?

A

➤ most common type of cancer
➤ easily diagnosis & treatment is key

20
Q

What are NEVI (MOLES)?

A

➤ common benign tumours of skin
➤ proliferation of melanocytes which grow in clusters along dermal/epidermal junction
➤ can be pigmented, non-pigmented, flat, elevated, hairy or non-hairy
➤ Dysplastic Nevus: a form of nevus that has the capacity to transform into malignant melanoma
➤ can be identified using ABCDE
➤ Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter, Evolution

21
Q

What is Dysplastic Nevus?

A

• Form of nevus, has capacity to transform into malignant melanoma

22
Q

What does the acronym ABCDE stand for to identify NEVI (MOLES)?

A

Asymmetry, Border, Colour, Diameter, Evolution

23
Q

How to deal with NEVI (MOLES)?

A

• Refer to Dr!

24
Q

What is MALIGNANT MELANOMA?

A

➤ rapidly progressing malignant tumour or melanocytes
➤ usually from pre-existing nevi
➤ increased risk in fair skinned people, family history, freckled skin, multiple blistering sunburns, immunosuppression
➤ slightly raised, irregular border, uneven surface
➤ metastasis is common

25
Q

How to deal with MALIGNANT MELANOMA?

A

• surgical excision

26
Q

What is SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA?

A

➤ 2nd most common malignant tumour of outer epidermis
➤ men 2x more likely
➤ red scaled, keratotic, slightly elevated lesion with irregular border, usually within shallow ulcer
➤ metastasis is common

27
Q

How to deal with SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA?

A

• surgery or topical chemo

28
Q

What is BASAL CELL CARCINOMA?

A

➤ neoplasm of non-keratinizing cells of basal layer of
epidermis
➤ most common skin cancer in light skinned people
➤ sun exposure is risk factor
➤ lesions can be small, flesh or pink coloured, smooth,
translucent nodules OR flat, non-palpable erythematous
plaque enlarges over time
➤ usually non-metastasizing

29
Q

What is HEMANGIOMAS OF INFANCY (STRAWBERRY HEMANGIOMAS)?

A

➤ small red lesions
➤ noticed shortly after birth
➤ begin as vascular tumours due to proliferation of endothelial cells then there is rapid proliferation followed by slow involution
➤ usually disappear by age 7 without scarring
➤ premature babies & girls are more common

30
Q

What are PORT WINE STAINS?

A

➤ vascular birth mark
➤ pink or red patch
➤ usually on face
➤ slow growing capillary malformations frow & become
darker as child grows
➤ persists throughout life

31
Q

How to deal with PORT WINE STAINS?

A

• laser therapy

32
Q

What are some examples of NORMAL CHANGES TO SKIN WITH AGE?

A

➤ thinning of epidermis & dermis
➤ diminution of subcutaneous tissue, loss of elasticity,
wrinkling
➤ decrease in number of melanocytes
➤ decrease & thickening of blood vessels
➤ decrease resistance to environmental & mechanical trauma
➤ longer tissue repair times
➤ less hair & nail growth, hair pigment loss
➤ less sebaceous gland activity

33
Q

What are examples of COMMON SKIN LESIONS?

A

➤ skin tags
➤ keratosis: benign (seborrheic) or pre-cancerous (actinic)
➤ lentigines
➤ vascular types: telangiectases & venous lakes

Systems (25 decks)

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