Civil War Unit Test Study Guide

Question 1

Abolitionist

Answer 1

people who supported the movement to end slavery in US

Question 2

Harriet Tubman

Answer 2

Escaped slave of MD who helped 300+ slaves escape on Under ground railroad, that stretched from mexico to canada. Called moses of her people

Question 3

Frederick Douglass

Answer 3

Escaped slave of MD who learned to read and write from master’s wife. Went to north to give speeches on his expeirence as a slave. Anti-slavery newspaper called “North Star”, also wrote a narrative

Question 4

John Brown

Answer 4

white abolitionist, northerner. Believed slavery was evil, used violence and killed pro-slavery activist in Kansas . Led raid on Harpers Ferry to arm slaves. Tried and hung, convicted of treason

Question 5

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Answer 5

Wrote”Uncle Tom’s Cabin”. Anti-slavery movement, book empathized with slaves

Question 6

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 6

16th republican president during civil war. Wrote Emancipation Proclomation

Question 7

Jefferson Davis

Answer 7

President of Confederates

Question 8

Andrew Johnson

Answer 8

President after Lincoln’s assaination. Afreed w lincoln that moderate policy was needed to bring South back to Union. Wanted to restore South by offering a pardon, all former citizens of confederation,excluded confederate officers and officials

Question 9

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 9

1865 commanding general. Led union Armies to Victory over confederacy America. LAter elected 18th president

Question 10

Robert E. Lee

Answer 10

Leading confederate general during civil war, heroic figure in south

Question 11

John Wilkes Booth

Answer 11

Assassinated Lincoln in Ford’s Theater in D.C. on April 14, 1865

Question 12

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 12

Secret society to undermine Republican rule. Used intimidation against blacks, white republicans, carpetbaggers,teachers in black schools, others who supported republicans

Question 13

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 13

thousands of freed blacks, followed Gen. Sherman. This bureau was to feed and clothe war refugees in the South using army surplus supplies

Question 14

What did the Freedmen Bureau do?

Answer 14

tried to help freedmen find work and negotiate pay and hours worked on plantations

The Freedmen’s Bureau lasting contribution was in education

The Bureau provided schools, paid teachers, and helped establish colleges for training African American teachers

Responding to pressure from white Southerners, Congress ended the bureau in 1872

Question 15

Fugitive Slave Act

Answer 15

Legislation requiring law enforcement to return fugitive slaves to South

Question 16

Emancipation Proclomation

Answer 16

Pres. Lincoln issued on Jan 1,1863 as nation approached 3rd yr of civil war, freed slaves

Question 17

13th amendment

Answer 17

Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude

Question 18

14th Amendment

Answer 18

defined what it means to be a US citizen, prohibits states from reducing privledges of citizens & ensures each citizen has the right to “due process of law”

Question 19

15th amendment

Answer 19

Gave all men right to vote, regardless of race, color, or if they’ve been slaves

Question 20

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 20

State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in Southern US

Question 21

Missouri Compromise

Answer 21

North: Maine is free state South: Missouri is slave state

• Balanced power between north and south and remained 12 free and 12 slave states
• congress drew imaginary line, 36’30 across Louisianna territory, above the line slavery abolished, below the line slavery permitted

Question 22

Compromise of 1850

Answer 22

North:
-CA admitted as free state
-Slave trade in DE would be abolished , but not slavery itself, to please abolitionist
South:
-New Mexico & Utah slave states
- strong fugitive slave law to please slave holders

Question 23

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 23

Kansas/Nebraska: In 1854, settlers vote to enter union as free/slave state

Question 24

Bleeding Kansas

Answer 24

Violence & fighting among proslavery and anti-slavery groups

Question 25

Dred Scott Case

Answer 25

Slave sued 4 his freedom since he lived in a free state. Lost, told Black aren’t citizens and doesn’t have the rights as one, still a slave, judged ruled that the MISSOURI COMPROMISE WAS UNCONSTITUTIONAL

Question 26

First Battle of Bull Run

Answer 26

Both sides though it’d be an easy battle. People Brought picnic lunches
- Federal troops retreated; Southern Victory
South believed they could win & continue the war

Question 27

Battle of Antietam

Answer 27

Fought July 1-3,1863 in Sharpsburg,MD. And Antitem Creek.
The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest one-day battle of the war.
McClellan inflicted so many casualties on the Confederate army that Lee decided to retreat to Virginia.
This was an important victory for the Union.
The South lost its best chance to gain international recognition and support.
The defeat convinced Lincoln that it was time to end slavery in the South.

Question 28

Battle of Gettysburg

Answer 28

Day 1: July 1, 1863, the Confederates met the Union cavalry and pushed the Union troops out of Gettysburg and into the hills to the south.
The main troops of both armies went to the scene of the fighting.
Day 2: July 2, 1863 Lee attacked. The Union forces held their ground.
Day 3: July 3 – Pickett’s Charge, Lee ordered 15,000 men under the command of General George E. Pickett and General A. P. Hill. to attack the Union troops.
The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the war in the east.
Lee’s forces remained on the defensive, the Republicans were strengthened, and the battle ensured that the British would not recognize the Confederacy.

Question 29

Session

Answer 29

to w/draw from the union

Question 30

Amnesty

Answer 30

Pardon
Lincoln gave one to all southerners who took an oath of loyalty to us and accepted Union’s proclamation concerning slavery

Question 31

Reconstruction

Answer 31

Rebuilding of the South after the civil war. Linconln gave Amnesty, Radical Republicans goals

Question 32

Confederate States of America

Answer 32

South started its own counrty. Jefferson Davis as pres. Robert E. Lee as General of the Army. Richmond, VA as the capitol city

Question 33

Major causes of the civil war

Answer 33

Slavery, state’s rights, state’s territories

Question 34

Differences between North’s Economy, and South’s economy

Answer 34

North: Based on Lumbar, textiles, furs,mining,variety of industries
South: Based on agriculture, cotton, tobacco,rice,sugar cane, indigo
-Cotton industry was backbone of their economy

Question 35

Difference between North and south’s political views

Answer 35

North: Many abolitionist, wanted the Union to stay together
South: Confederate, left union wanted to be their own country, didn’t want slavery to be abolished,strong pro-slavery activists

Question 36

Difference between North and South’s Social views

Answer 36

North: Cities based on culture- majority religous, protestant farmers.
Religion and education were organized 
Schools, churches in most towns
South: -Large plantation owners
-farm centered
-traditional & conservative

Question 37

North and South war strategies

Answer 37

North: Naval Blockade of Southern parts- Keep south from buying/selling w/ Europe, including importing weapons
-Capture confederate Capitol, Richmond,VA
Goal: No secession & compliance with the Constitution

South:Fight defensive war of attrition to max. supplies,
Protect their lands and make it last a long time, so the Union would get tired
-trade w/ Europe 4 supplies
-Carfeully pick battles, attack and retreat to avoid heavy loss

Question 38

Results of the War

Answer 38

South Surrenders
Results: Union preserved, strengthened part of fed. gov. over the states
Ended enslavement of Black
Southern society and economy were devastated

Question 39

Purpose of poll taxes, literacy tests, and gerrymandering after the Civil War

Answer 39

To limit political, social and economic role of Blacks, counteract what congress did to their gov.

Question 40

What ways did the south try to counteract the congress after the war

Answer 40

Poll Taxes: 1-$2 for voting, if couldn’t pay, couldn’t vote
Lit. tests: Involved interpeting difficult legal docs. & blacks had to prove their ability to read and write before voting
Grandfather clauses: Exempted whites whose grandfathers had been eligable to vote before Civil war from taking lit. tests

Question 41

Whats a de jure segregation?

Answer 41

Segregation by law or statue

Question 42

When,where,why,how, and conditions of the end of the civil war

Answer 42

When: April 9, 1865
Where: Appomattox Courthouse
How: South Surrender
Under what conditions: Terms of surrender guarenteed US wouldn’t prosecute confederate soliders for treason

Question 43

What were the two approaches to the Reconstruction? Explan.

Answer 43

Johnson Plan: Accept verbal pledges of loyalty from rebels, require existing political leaders to see pardons from congress, expedite re-admission process, allow states to decide assistance to provide blacks with their needs

Radical Repub. Plan: Punish rebels, confiscating their land, replace existing political leaders. provide assistance and protection to blacks, use military to maintain control

Question 44

What were black codes

Answer 44

Laws that severely restricted the rights of newly freed African Americans in the South
Intended to secure cheap labor and inferiority of African Americans
Limited property rights and skilled labor
Forbidden to carry firearms or testify in court
Curfew hours

Question 45

What is the Wade-Davis bill?

Answer 45

The Wade-Davis Bill required the majority of adult white men in a former Confederate state to take an oath of allegiance to the Union.
The state could then hold a constitutional convention to create a new state government. Each state’s convention would then have to abolish slavery, repudiate all debts the state had acquired as part of the Confederacy, and deprive any former Confederate government officials and military officers the right to vote or hold office.