Civil War Unit Test Study Guide Flashcards
Abolitionist
people who supported the movement to end slavery in US
Harriet Tubman
Escaped slave of MD who helped 300+ slaves escape on Under ground railroad, that stretched from mexico to canada. Called moses of her people
Frederick Douglass
Escaped slave of MD who learned to read and write from master’s wife. Went to north to give speeches on his expeirence as a slave. Anti-slavery newspaper called “North Star”, also wrote a narrative
John Brown
white abolitionist, northerner. Believed slavery was evil, used violence and killed pro-slavery activist in Kansas . Led raid on Harpers Ferry to arm slaves. Tried and hung, convicted of treason
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Wrote”Uncle Tom’s Cabin”. Anti-slavery movement, book empathized with slaves
Abraham Lincoln
16th republican president during civil war. Wrote Emancipation Proclomation
Jefferson Davis
President of Confederates
Andrew Johnson
President after Lincoln’s assaination. Afreed w lincoln that moderate policy was needed to bring South back to Union. Wanted to restore South by offering a pardon, all former citizens of confederation,excluded confederate officers and officials
Ulysses S. Grant
1865 commanding general. Led union Armies to Victory over confederacy America. LAter elected 18th president
Robert E. Lee
Leading confederate general during civil war, heroic figure in south
John Wilkes Booth
Assassinated Lincoln in Ford’s Theater in D.C. on April 14, 1865
Ku Klux Klan
Secret society to undermine Republican rule. Used intimidation against blacks, white republicans, carpetbaggers,teachers in black schools, others who supported republicans
Freedmen’s Bureau
thousands of freed blacks, followed Gen. Sherman. This bureau was to feed and clothe war refugees in the South using army surplus supplies
What did the Freedmen Bureau do?
tried to help freedmen find work and negotiate pay and hours worked on plantations
The Freedmen’s Bureau lasting contribution was in education
The Bureau provided schools, paid teachers, and helped establish colleges for training African American teachers
Responding to pressure from white Southerners, Congress ended the bureau in 1872
Fugitive Slave Act
Legislation requiring law enforcement to return fugitive slaves to South
Emancipation Proclomation
Pres. Lincoln issued on Jan 1,1863 as nation approached 3rd yr of civil war, freed slaves
13th amendment
Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude
14th Amendment
defined what it means to be a US citizen, prohibits states from reducing privledges of citizens & ensures each citizen has the right to “due process of law”
15th amendment
Gave all men right to vote, regardless of race, color, or if they’ve been slaves
Jim Crow Laws
State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in Southern US
Missouri Compromise
North: Maine is free state South: Missouri is slave state
- Balanced power between north and south and remained 12 free and 12 slave states
- congress drew imaginary line, 36’30 across Louisianna territory, above the line slavery abolished, below the line slavery permitted
Compromise of 1850
North:
-CA admitted as free state
-Slave trade in DE would be abolished , but not slavery itself, to please abolitionist
South:
-New Mexico & Utah slave states
- strong fugitive slave law to please slave holders
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Kansas/Nebraska: In 1854, settlers vote to enter union as free/slave state
Bleeding Kansas
Violence & fighting among proslavery and anti-slavery groups
Dred Scott Case
Slave sued 4 his freedom since he lived in a free state. Lost, told Black aren’t citizens and doesn’t have the rights as one, still a slave, judged ruled that the MISSOURI COMPROMISE WAS UNCONSTITUTIONAL
First Battle of Bull Run
Both sides though it’d be an easy battle. People Brought picnic lunches
- Federal troops retreated; Southern Victory
South believed they could win & continue the war
Battle of Antietam
Fought July 1-3,1863 in Sharpsburg,MD. And Antitem Creek.
The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest one-day battle of the war.
McClellan inflicted so many casualties on the Confederate army that Lee decided to retreat to Virginia.
This was an important victory for the Union.
The South lost its best chance to gain international recognition and support.
The defeat convinced Lincoln that it was time to end slavery in the South.
Battle of Gettysburg
Day 1: July 1, 1863, the Confederates met the Union cavalry and pushed the Union troops out of Gettysburg and into the hills to the south.
The main troops of both armies went to the scene of the fighting.
Day 2: July 2, 1863 Lee attacked. The Union forces held their ground.
Day 3: July 3 – Pickett’s Charge, Lee ordered 15,000 men under the command of General George E. Pickett and General A. P. Hill. to attack the Union troops.
The Battle of Gettysburg was the turning point of the war in the east.
Lee’s forces remained on the defensive, the Republicans were strengthened, and the battle ensured that the British would not recognize the Confederacy.
Session
to w/draw from the union
Amnesty
Pardon
Lincoln gave one to all southerners who took an oath of loyalty to us and accepted Union’s proclamation concerning slavery
Reconstruction
Rebuilding of the South after the civil war. Linconln gave Amnesty, Radical Republicans goals
Confederate States of America
South started its own counrty. Jefferson Davis as pres. Robert E. Lee as General of the Army. Richmond, VA as the capitol city
Major causes of the civil war
Slavery, state’s rights, state’s territories
Differences between North’s Economy, and South’s economy
North: Based on Lumbar, textiles, furs,mining,variety of industries
South: Based on agriculture, cotton, tobacco,rice,sugar cane, indigo
-Cotton industry was backbone of their economy
Difference between North and south’s political views
North: Many abolitionist, wanted the Union to stay together
South: Confederate, left union wanted to be their own country, didn’t want slavery to be abolished,strong pro-slavery activists
Difference between North and South’s Social views
North: Cities based on culture- majority religous, protestant farmers. Religion and education were organized Schools, churches in most towns South: -Large plantation owners -farm centered -traditional & conservative
North and South war strategies
North: Naval Blockade of Southern parts- Keep south from buying/selling w/ Europe, including importing weapons
-Capture confederate Capitol, Richmond,VA
Goal: No secession & compliance with the Constitution
South:Fight defensive war of attrition to max. supplies,
Protect their lands and make it last a long time, so the Union would get tired
-trade w/ Europe 4 supplies
-Carfeully pick battles, attack and retreat to avoid heavy loss
Results of the War
South Surrenders
Results: Union preserved, strengthened part of fed. gov. over the states
Ended enslavement of Black
Southern society and economy were devastated
Purpose of poll taxes, literacy tests, and gerrymandering after the Civil War
To limit political, social and economic role of Blacks, counteract what congress did to their gov.
What ways did the south try to counteract the congress after the war
Poll Taxes: 1-$2 for voting, if couldn’t pay, couldn’t vote
Lit. tests: Involved interpeting difficult legal docs. & blacks had to prove their ability to read and write before voting
Grandfather clauses: Exempted whites whose grandfathers had been eligable to vote before Civil war from taking lit. tests
Whats a de jure segregation?
Segregation by law or statue
When,where,why,how, and conditions of the end of the civil war
When: April 9, 1865
Where: Appomattox Courthouse
How: South Surrender
Under what conditions: Terms of surrender guarenteed US wouldn’t prosecute confederate soliders for treason
What were the two approaches to the Reconstruction? Explan.
Johnson Plan: Accept verbal pledges of loyalty from rebels, require existing political leaders to see pardons from congress, expedite re-admission process, allow states to decide assistance to provide blacks with their needs
Radical Repub. Plan: Punish rebels, confiscating their land, replace existing political leaders. provide assistance and protection to blacks, use military to maintain control
What were black codes
Laws that severely restricted the rights of newly freed African Americans in the South
Intended to secure cheap labor and inferiority of African Americans
Limited property rights and skilled labor
Forbidden to carry firearms or testify in court
Curfew hours
What is the Wade-Davis bill?
The Wade-Davis Bill required the majority of adult white men in a former Confederate state to take an oath of allegiance to the Union.
The state could then hold a constitutional convention to create a new state government. Each state’s convention would then have to abolish slavery, repudiate all debts the state had acquired as part of the Confederacy, and deprive any former Confederate government officials and military officers the right to vote or hold office.
