Circulatory System - Blood Vessels And Heart Flashcards
What is the function of the artery
Carries blood away from the heart (high pressure)
Name three things in the structure of the artery
- thick, muscular and elastic walls
- walls can stretch and withstand high pressure
- small lumen
What is the function of the vein
Carries blood to the heart (low pressure)
Name three structural features of a vein
- have valves to stop blood flowing the wrong way
- thin walls
- large lumen
What is the function of the capillary (2p)
- carries blood to tissues and cells
- connects arteries and veins
Give two structural features of the Capillary
- very narrow lumen
- one cell thick
Why is the capillary walls one cell thick
Short diffusion distance for substances to move between the blood and tissues
Where are capillaries found
In the lungs
What muscles is the heart made from
Cardiac muscles tissue
WHAT’S thé cardiac muscle supplied with
Oxygen by the coronary artery
What does the aorta do
Carries oxygenated blood around the body
What does the pulmonary vein do
Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs
Where is the left atrium
Connected to the pulmonary vein (usually on diagram actually on the left)
What does the pulmonary artery do
Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs
What’s the function of the vena cava
Brings deoxygenated blood into the heart
What does the right ventricle do
Pumps blood to the lungs
What do artificial pace makers do
Used to control irregular heartbeats
How is the heart rate controlled
By a group of cells in the right atrium that generate electrical impulses acting as a pace maker
Plasma ?
Transports substances and blood cells around the body
Red blood cells ?
Bind to oxygen and transport it around the body
Platelets ?
Form blood clots to create barriers to infection
White blood cells?
Part of the immune system to defend the body against pathogens
What is a ventricle
A fluid filled cavity in the Heart
or brain
What does cardiac mean
Having to do with the heart
What is an atrium
A chamber in the heart that receives blood from the circulatory system
What do coronary arteries do
Supply blood to the heart muscle
What is a double pump system
One side pumps to the body whilst the other side pumps to the lungs
This is why your heartbeat is the way it is
What type of walls do capillaries have for what
Permeable walls for diffusion
Why do veins have big lumen
Help blood flow despite low pressure
How do you calculate rate of blood flow
Volume of blood / number of minutes
What are valves for
Prevent the backward flow of blood
Where in the heart are valves located
On each end of the two ventricles
Where in the heart are valves located
On each end of the two ventricles
