Cell Biology Flashcards
What are two types of eukaryotic cells
Animal and plant
What type of cell is bacteria
Prokaryotic
Where is dna found
In the nucleus
What is the function of the cell membrane
Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell
What is the function of mitochondria
Site of respiration to transfer energy for the cell
What is the function of the chloroplasts
Contain chlorophyll to absorb light energy for photosynthesis
What are ribosome for
To enable production of proteins (protein synthesis)
WHAT’S thé function of the cell wall
To strengthen and support the cell
What is the structure of the main genetic material in a prokaryotic cell
Single loop of dna
How are electron microscopes different to light microscopes
- Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons instead of light,
- cannot be used to view living samples
- much more expensive
- higher magnification and resolution
What is the function of a red blood cell
Carries oxygen around the body
Give three adaptations of a red blood cell
No nucleus
Contains a red pigment called haemoglobin
A bi concave disc shape
What is the function of a nerve cell
Carries electrical impulses around the body
Give two adaptations of a nerve cell
Branched endings
Myelin sheath insulates the axon
Give two adaptations of a sperm cell
- Tail
- contains lots of mitochondria
What is the function of a sperm cell
Fertilises an ovum
What is the function of a palisade cell
Carries out photosynthesis in a leaf
Give two adaptations of a palisade cell
- lots of chloroplast
- located at the top surface of the leaf
What is the function of the root hair cell
Absorbs minerals and water from the soil
Give two adaptations of a root hair cell
- Long projection
- lots of mitochondria
What does a permanent vacuole contain
Contains cell sap
What is eukaryotic
Organisms whose cell contain a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
What is the vacuoles function
To help in the storage and disposal of various substances
What is a chromosome
Structures found in the nucleus
Prokaryotic cells (4p)
- single celled
- no nucleus- have a single loop of dna
- have small rings of dna called plasmids
- smaller than eukaryotic cells
What are plasmids
Small rings of dna found in prokaryotes
Where are proteins made form amino acids
Ribosomes
What 3 extra things are found in Bacteria
- flagella
- slime layer
- plasmids
Why do cells like sperm cells and muscle cells have lots of mitochondria
Need lots of energy for respiration
What three things are in plant cells but not animal cells and what do they do
- cell wall-protection
- vacuole-store cell sap
- chloroplasts-photosynthesis
What happens in the cytoplasm
Chemical reactions
Which type of cell doesn’t have a cell wall
Animal cells
