Chronic respiratory diseases - Bronchiectasis, Asthma, COPD, ILD (+ Cystic Fibrosis) Flashcards

1
Q

Bronchiectasis

Pathogenesis

A
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2
Q

Bronchiectasis

Infective causes

A
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3
Q

Bronchiectasis

Airway obstructive causes

A
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4
Q

Bronchiectasis

Impaired drainage, poor immunity, misc. causes

A
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5
Q

Bronchiectasis

D/dx

A
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6
Q

Bronchiectasis

Clinical presentation

A
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7
Q

Bronchiectasis

Biochemical Ix

A
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8
Q

Bronchiectasis

Radiological Ix

A
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9
Q

Bronchiectasis

Specific tests

A

+ Sweat chloride level (OR) Mutation analysis of CFTR gene
+ Immunoglobulin measurement
+ Serum α1-antitrypsin levels

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10
Q

Bronchiectasis

Baseline treatment

A

+ Chest physiotherapy

Definitive end-stage: Lung transplant

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11
Q

Asthma

Definition

A
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12
Q

Asthma

Assessment of severity of exacerbation

A
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13
Q

Asthma

Asthma-associated syndromes

A
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14
Q

Asthma

Classification
Common triggers

A
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15
Q

Asthma

Epidemiology

A
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16
Q

Asthma

Risk factors

A
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17
Q

Asthma

Triggers

A
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18
Q

D/dx obstructive lung diseases and restrictive lung diseases

A
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19
Q

Asthma

D/dx

A
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20
Q

Asthma

Lung function changes

A
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21
Q

Asthma

Pathophysiology

A
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22
Q

Asthma

Clinical presentation

A
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23
Q

Asthma

History taking questions

A
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24
Q

Asthma

Symptom control assessment

A

Asthmatic control (Goal of treatment = COMPLETE control)

  • ≤ 2 Daytime asthma symptoms per week
  • ≤ 2 Use of reliever medication per week
  • NO night awakening due to asthma
  • NO activity limitation due to asthma (sick leave required)
  • Normal PEF or FEV1.0 value
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25
Q

Asthma severity assessment

Indicators of life-threatening asthma attack

A

Recognition of life-threatening features
* Hypotension/ Confusion/ Coma/ Exhaustion/ SaO2 < 92%/ PEF < 33 – 50% best or predicted
* Cyanosis/ Poor respiratory effort/ Silent chest

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26
Q

Asthma

Signs of respiratory distress

A
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27
Q

Asthma

Challenge tests for atopy

A
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28
Q

Asthma

Biochemical and radiological Ix

A
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29
Q

Asthma
Treatment principle

A
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30
Q

Asthma

Steps of treatment

A
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31
Q

LABA useage precautions

A
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32
Q

B2- agonist

MoA
S/E
Examples

A
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33
Q

Anticholinergics for asthma

MoA
S/E

A
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34
Q

Methylxanthines

MoA
S/E
Examples

A
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35
Q

LTRAs

MoA
S/E
Examples

A
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36
Q

ICS

Examples
MoA
S/E

A
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37
Q

Mast cell stabilizers

MoA
S/E
Examples

A
38
Q

Anti-IgE Ab
Anti-IL5 Ab

MoA
S/E
Example

A
39
Q

Asthma

Types of inhalers

A
40
Q

Asthma

Types of MDI

A
41
Q

Asthma

Types of delivery methods

A
42
Q

Asthma

Management of asthmatic attack

A

Life-threatening feature of acute asthma:
Silent chest
Hypotension
One-third of best/predicted PEF
Cyanosis
Confusion

43
Q

Asthma

Reassessment of acute exacerbation
Prevention and discharge advice

A
44
Q

Asthma

complications

A
45
Q

COPD

Definition

A
46
Q

COPD

Acute exacerbation causes
Features

A
47
Q

COPD

Risk factors

A
48
Q

COPD

Pathophysiology

A
49
Q

COPD

Clinical presentation

A
50
Q

COPD

D/dx

A
51
Q

COPD

Diagnosis

A
52
Q

COPD

P/E

A
53
Q

COPD

Biochemical Ix

A
54
Q

COPD

Radiological Ix

A
55
Q

COPD

Lung function test changes

A
56
Q

COPD

Severity assessment

A
57
Q

COPD

Lung volume changes
DLCO changes
PEF changes

A
58
Q

COPD

Chronic stable management

A
59
Q

COPD

Management of exacerbation

A
60
Q

COPD

Complications

A
61
Q

ILD

Upper lobe vs lower lobe ILD causes

A
62
Q

ILD

Causes

A
63
Q

Sarcoidosis

S/S
Diagnosis
Treatment

A
64
Q

ILD

Collagen vascular disease causes

A
65
Q

ILD

Organic and inorganic dust causes
Drug causes

A
66
Q

ILD

Idiopathic categories

A
67
Q

ILD

Ddx

A
68
Q

ILD

Pathophysiology

A
69
Q

ILD

Clinical presentation

A
70
Q

ILD

History taking questions

A
71
Q

ILD

P/E

A
72
Q

ILD

Biochemical Ix

A
73
Q

ILD

radiological Ix

A
74
Q

ILD

Treatment

A
75
Q

IPF

Causes of UIP
Histological and radiological features of UIP

A
76
Q

IPF

Causes of NSIP
Histological and radiological features of NSIP

A
77
Q

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)

Clinical features
Ix
Mx

A
78
Q

Pneumoconiosis

Examples
Pathogenesis

A
79
Q

Silicosis

Clinical presentation
Disease progression

A
80
Q

Silicosis

Ix
Mx
Prognosis

A
81
Q

Asbestosis

Radiological features

A
82
Q

Asbestosis

Dx
Mx
Prognosis

A
83
Q

Malignant mesothelioma

Risk factor
Presentation
Diagnosis
Mx

A
84
Q

Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis (EAA) or Hypersensitive
Pneumonitis

Causes
Presentation
Ix
Dx
Mx

A
85
Q

Respiratory manifestations of rheumatic diseases

A
86
Q

Cystic fibrosis

Pathophysiology
Classes

A
87
Q

Cystic fibrosis

Clinical presentation

A
88
Q

Cystic fibrosis

Complications

A
89
Q

Cystic fibrosis

Ix

A
90
Q

Cystic fibrosis

Management

A
91
Q

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Pathophysiology
Clinical presentation
Diagnosis
Mx

A