Chronic Kidney Disease Flashcards
What is CKD?
a progressive irreversible disorder lasting longer than 3 months
What are the top 3 causes of CKD?
DM
HTN
glomerulonephritis
what is azotemia?
build up of nitrogen based waste in blood
What is uremia?
azotemia with symptoms
what are the s/s of uremia syndrome?
metallic taste in mouth
N&V
uremic frost on skin
fatigue
lethargy
what are the s/s of CKD/renal failure?
pruritus
anuria less than 100 ml/day
muscle cramps
azotemia
disorientation
Explain stage 1 of CKD
minimal kidney damage
GFF > 90 ml/min
normal creatinine
kidneys are leaking RBC and protein
usually from uncontrolled HTN
Explain stage 2 of CKD
Mild damage
GFR 60-89
higher creatinine or urea
pts should take it more seriously and manage fluid volume and BP
Explain stage 3 of CKD
GFR 30-59
Moderate kidney damage
azotemia
uremia
What are the s/s of stage 3 CKD?
edema
SOB
dark orange urine
muscle cramps
Explain stage 4 of CKD
Severe
GFR 15-30
prepare for dialysis/transplant
What are the s/s of stage 4 CKD?
fatigue
loss of appetite
SOB
metallic bad breath
Explain stage 5 of CKD
End stage renal failure
GFR less than 15
What labs are important for CKD?
BUN
sodium
potassium
calcium
phosphorus
What drugs are used for CKD?
diuretics
CCBs
ACE inhibitors
What kind of diet should someone with CKD be on?
low potassium, sodium, and phosphorus, fluid restriction
What fruits should CKD patients avoid?
oranges
nectarines
kiwis
raisins
bananas
cantaloupes
honeydews
prunes
What vegetables should CKD patients avoid?
swiss chard
asparagus
avocados
potatoes
tomatoes
yams
pumpkins
spinach
How is urea made?
from protein breakdown
How is hyperkalemia treated for CKD?
kayexalate for hyperkalemia
IV insulin and glucose
calcium gluconate
bicarb
Drug therapy for CKD
phosphate binders (GIVEN WITH MEALS)
vitamin D supplements
Erythropoietin
iron supplements
folic acid
What are the metabolic changes of CKD?
disruption of urea and creatinine excretion
sodium excretion/retention
potassium levels
calcium and phosphorus
What are the cardiac changes in CKD?
HTN causing reduced perfusion
hyperlipidemia
HF
pericarditis
dysrhythmias
What are the nursing goals for patients with CKD?
Manage fluid volume
improve cardiac function
enhance nutrition
prevent injury especially meds
monitor for infection
