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MedSurge 3 > Chronic Kidney Disease > Flashcards

Chronic Kidney Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is CKD?

A

a progressive irreversible disorder lasting longer than 3 months

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2
Q

What are the top 3 causes of CKD?

A

DM
HTN
glomerulonephritis

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3
Q

what is azotemia?

A

build up of nitrogen based waste in blood

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4
Q

What is uremia?

A

azotemia with symptoms

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5
Q

what are the s/s of uremia syndrome?

A

metallic taste in mouth
N&V
uremic frost on skin
fatigue
lethargy

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6
Q

what are the s/s of CKD/renal failure?

A

pruritus
anuria less than 100 ml/day
muscle cramps
azotemia
disorientation

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7
Q

Explain stage 1 of CKD

A

minimal kidney damage
GFF > 90 ml/min
normal creatinine
kidneys are leaking RBC and protein
usually from uncontrolled HTN

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8
Q

Explain stage 2 of CKD

A

Mild damage
GFR 60-89
higher creatinine or urea
pts should take it more seriously and manage fluid volume and BP

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9
Q

Explain stage 3 of CKD

A

GFR 30-59
Moderate kidney damage
azotemia
uremia

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10
Q

What are the s/s of stage 3 CKD?

A

edema
SOB
dark orange urine
muscle cramps

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11
Q

Explain stage 4 of CKD

A

Severe
GFR 15-30
prepare for dialysis/transplant

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12
Q

What are the s/s of stage 4 CKD?

A

fatigue
loss of appetite
SOB
metallic bad breath

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13
Q

Explain stage 5 of CKD

A

End stage renal failure
GFR less than 15

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14
Q

What labs are important for CKD?

A

BUN
sodium
potassium
calcium
phosphorus

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15
Q

What drugs are used for CKD?

A

diuretics
CCBs
ACE inhibitors

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16
Q

What kind of diet should someone with CKD be on?

A

low potassium, sodium, and phosphorus, fluid restriction

17
Q

What fruits should CKD patients avoid?

A

oranges
nectarines
kiwis
raisins
bananas
cantaloupes
honeydews
prunes

18
Q

What vegetables should CKD patients avoid?

A

swiss chard
asparagus
avocados
potatoes
tomatoes
yams
pumpkins
spinach

19
Q

How is urea made?

A

from protein breakdown

20
Q

How is hyperkalemia treated for CKD?

A

kayexalate for hyperkalemia
IV insulin and glucose
calcium gluconate
bicarb

21
Q

Drug therapy for CKD

A

phosphate binders (GIVEN WITH MEALS)
vitamin D supplements
Erythropoietin
iron supplements
folic acid

22
Q

What are the metabolic changes of CKD?

A

disruption of urea and creatinine excretion
sodium excretion/retention
potassium levels
calcium and phosphorus

23
Q

What are the cardiac changes in CKD?

A

HTN causing reduced perfusion
hyperlipidemia
HF
pericarditis
dysrhythmias

24
Q

What are the nursing goals for patients with CKD?

A

Manage fluid volume
improve cardiac function
enhance nutrition
prevent injury especially meds
monitor for infection

MedSurge 3 (28 decks)

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