Adrenal and Pituitary Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypopituitarism?

A

deficiency of one or more pituitary hormones

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2
Q

What is gigantism and when does it occur?

A

growth hormone excess
before puberty

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3
Q

What is acromegaly and when does it occur?

A

overproduction of growth hormone
after puberty

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4
Q

what is the main difference between gigantism and acromegaly?

A

acromegaly occurs years, after puberty and is irreversible
gigantism occurs before puberty

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5
Q

what are the assessment findings for acromegaly?

A

large hands and face

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6
Q

what is the number 1 symptom of acromegaly?

A

headaches

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7
Q

How many years does it take for acromegaly to present itself?

A

12

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8
Q

what is the treatment for hyperpituitarism?

A

hypophysectomy

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9
Q

What is the patient education for hypophysectomy?

A

Avoid straining
monitor for post nasal drip
avoid coughing
report increased swallowing

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10
Q

What is diabetes insipidus?

A

posterior pituitary gland disorder that results in decreased ADH

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11
Q

What are the assessment findings for DI?

A

excessive urination
severe dehydration
excessive thirst
Mental status changes
constipation
clear diluted urine

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12
Q

What are the risk factors for DI?

A

head trauma
brain tumor
meningitis
encephalitis
low ADH

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13
Q

What are some lab findings for DI?

A

low urine specific gravity
high sodium levels

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14
Q

what can happen with high sodium levels?

A

tetany/muscle weakness

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15
Q

what is the normal range for urine specific gravity?

A

1.005 - 1.030

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16
Q

what are the nursing interventions for DI?

A

daily weight
sodium level monitoring
assess LOC
fluids

17
Q

what is the treatment for DI?

A

desmopressin
fluids

18
Q

What is SIADH?

A

secretion of ADH when plasma osmolarity is low resulting in water retention

19
Q

What are the assessment findings for SIADH?

A

nausea/vomiting
lethargy
low DTR
low urine output
low sodium

20
Q

What are the risk factors of SIAHD?

A

SCC of lung
brain trauma
head trauma
infection

21
Q

what labs do you look at for SIADH?

A

sodium
plasma osmolality
increased urine specific gravity

22
Q

What are the nursing interventions/considerations for SIADH?

A

fluid restriction
diuretics
daily weight
I&O
sodium monitoring
assess LOC

23
Q

3 S’s of adrenal gland hormones?

A

Sugar (glucocorticoids)
Salt (mineralcorticoids)
Sex (androgens)

24
Q

What is Addison’s Disease?

A

LOW aldosterone and cortisol

25
What deficiencies/imabalences are involved in Addison's?
Hyperkalemia Hypercalcemia Hypoglycemia Hyponatremia Cortisol Aldosterone
26
What are the assessment findings for Addison's?
Sugar and sodium low Tired and muscle weakness Electrolyte imbalance of high potassium and high calcium Reproductive change lOw blood pressure Increased pigmentation Diarrhea and nausea
27
what are the nursing interventions for Addison's?
vital signs q 1-4 hours daily weight monitor for hyperkalemia hormone regulation treat low glucose
28
treatment for Addison's?
Prednisone electrolyte replacement
29
What is Cushing's syndrome?
Increased secretion of cortisol
30
What are the main clinical manifestations of Cushing's?
Moonface Buffalo hump Thin arms and legs from muscle wasting Purple striae
31
STRESSED acronym for Cushing's assessment
Skin fragile Truncal obesity Rounded face Ecchymosis, Elevated BP Striae Sugar extremely high Excessive body hair in women, Electrolyte imbalance Dorsocervical fat pad, depression
32
What are the nursing interventions for Cushing's?
restoring fluid volume balance assess skin breakdown meds to decrease cortisol
33
Patient education for steroids
must be tapered off never stop taking abruptly