Chronic Inflammation II Flashcards
Granulomatous inflammation
characterized by aggregates of activated macrophages having a squamous cell like (epithelioid) appearance
When do you see granulomatous inflammation
persistent T cell responses to certain microbes and fungi. TB is prototype
granuloma
focal area of granulomatous inflammation
what does granuloma consist of
aggregation of macrophages that are transformed into epithelioid cells. Epithelioid cells surrounded by lymphocytes and occasionally plasma cells
What does granulation tissue look like histologically?
proliferation of fibrobalsts and new thin-walled delicate capillaries in a loose ECM
granumomas cells may fuse to form what
multinucleated giant cells
peripheral arrangement of granuloma
langhan-s type
haphazard arrangement of granulomas
foreign body type
lymphagitis
inflammation of lymphatic channels, leukocytes and cell debris - causes red streaks up the arm
reactice lymphadentitis
inflammation of draining LNs
what happens if infection overwhelms LNs
bacteremia
clinical effects of inflammation
fever, increased EBCs, decraed appetite, altered sleep patterns, changes in serum acute phase proteins
what causes fever
cytokines stimulate PG synthesis in hypothalamic thermoregulatory center, reset body thermometer
what are acute phase proteins
CRP, fibrinogen, SAA
what is phase protein syntheiss upregulated by
IL-1, TNF alpha
function of acute phase proteins
bind to microbial cell walls, may act as opsonins and fix complement
Leukocytosis
increased total WBC count
leukoemoid reaction
extermely high white cell count
shift to the left
increase in immature WBCs due to accelerated release from bone marrow, increased BM production
Neutrophilia
increased in absolute number of neutrophils seen in most bacterial infections
lymphocytosis
increase in absolute number of lymphs, seen mostly in viral infections
eosinophilia
incrase in absolute number of eosinophils, seen in asthma, hay fever, parasitic infections
leukopenia
decease in absolute number of WBCs, seen in certain infections, also seen in debilitated hosts or overwhelming infection
autonomic response in inflammation
increased pulse and bp, deceased sweating
behavioral response to inflammation
shiver, chills, anorexia, somnolence and malaise
in severe bactieral infections large numbers of organisms and LPS lead to waht?
large quantities of cytokines, espeically TNF and IL-1
what can increased TNF lead to
DIC
What is the triad of septic shock
DIC, hypoglycemia, CV failure
result of defect inflammation
increased susceptibility to infections and delayed wound healing
result of excessive inflammation
autoimmune problems, cancer
gastritis is associated with what
gastric adenocarcinoma, MALT
schistommiasis is associated with what
bladder, liver, and rectal cancer
cholangitis is assocaited with what
colon cancer
