Chronic Inflammation I

Question 1

What does chronic inflammation frequently being as

Answer 1

low grade, smoldering response without signs of acute inflammation

Question 2

Things that can cause chronic inflammation

Answer 2

persistent microbial infections
immune related inflammatory disease
prolonged exposure to potentially toxic agents

Question 3

Morphology of chronic inflammation

Answer 3

infiltration with mononuclear cells
tissue destruction
attempts at healing

Question 4

What is the key cell in chronic and granulomatous inflammation

Answer 4

macrophages

Question 5

Kupffer cells

Answer 5

macrophages in liver

Question 6

osteoclast

Answer 6

macropahges in bone

Question 7

macroglia

Answer 7

macrophages in brain

Question 8

monocytes transform into what

Answer 8

macrophages

Question 9

features of activated macrophages

Answer 9

increased size
increased number of lysosomes
increased number of lysosomal enzymes
increased ability to kill organisms

Question 10

what do activated macrophages look like

Answer 10

large, flat, pink and similiar to squamous cells

Question 11

what are macrophage activation signals

Answer 11

cytokines, bacterial endotoxins, and other chemical mediators

Question 12

What are cytokines secreted by

Answer 12

activated T cells and NK cells

Question 13

When are lymphocyte mobilized

Answer 13

setting of specific immune stimulus as well as non-immune inflammation (trauma)

Question 14

Explain the reciprocal relationship of T cells and macrophages

Answer 14

Macrophages activate T cells
activated lymphocytes lead to macrophage activation
activated macrophages release cytokines

Question 15

plasma cell

Answer 15

terminal product of B cell activation

Question 16

Function of plasma cells

Answer 16

produce antibodies against persistent antigens in inflammatory site or against altered tissue components

Question 17

recruitment of eosinophils depends on what

Answer 17

eotoxin

Question 18

What do eosinophil granules contain

Answer 18

major basic protein, which it toxin to parasites but leads to epithelial cell lysis

Question 19

Mast cells

Answer 19

participates in both acute and chronic inflammatory reactions
arms with IgE, will release histamine and PG
helps with anaphylactic and parasitic infections

Question 20

why are neutrophils found in chronic inflammation

Answer 20

due to persistent microbes or mediators elaborated by macrophages, necrotic cells, T cells