chpt10 Flashcards
when a sufficient number of threats to validity are under control, the study is a ___________.
true experiment
A _________ is one in which the experimenter has reason to believe that he or she has control over both the assignment of subjects to conditions and the presentation of conditions to subjects
true experiment
When a study does not meet the requirements of a true experiment, it is called a ________
quasi experiment
A __________ refers to a research procedure in which the scientist has complete control over all aspects (the whp, what, when, where, and how)
true experiment
____________ is prefered for true experiments because it allows one to conclude that any other variable could be confounded with the independent variable only by chance
random assignment
The independent variables of an experiment are often called the ________ of the experiment
factors
To have an experiment, it is necessary to vary some __________, or some _______
independent variable
factor
A ______ is a particular value of an independent variable
level
An independent variable always has at least _____ levels, if it didn’t, it would not be a variable.
2
A ______ is a group or treatment in an experiment
condition
A ________ is a just another word for a condition of an experiment
treatment
When threats to validity are adequately controlled for, the experiment has been _____-.
designed
What are the two particular elements of design in an experiment that provide control over many threats to validity?
1) existence of a control group or a control condition
2) the random allocation of subjects to groups.
A useful variation on randomizing to control for order and sequence effects is ____________.
block randomization
When are order and sequence effects both completely counterbalanced?
when each condition occurs an equal amount of times in each rank-order position and follows every other condition an equal number of times.
