chapter 14 & 15

Question 1

_______ is the process by which raw data are put into a form useful for statistical analysis

Answer 1

data reduction

Question 2

A _________ is a notebook for recording information important to a study, such as design, procedure, and th eplanned analysis

Answer 2

lab notebook

Question 3

______ is the process of transcribing data from individual data sheet to a summary form

Answer 3

data reduction

Question 4

A ________ is a record that specifies the variables of a study, the columns they occupy in the data file, and their possible values

Answer 4

coding guide

Question 5

___________ are statistics that help us to draw conclusions about populations

Answer 5

inferential statistics

Question 6

__________ are statistics that summarize a set of data

Answer 6

descriptive statistics

Question 7

The most common descriptive statistics concern

a. measures of central tendency.
b. measures of variability.
c. Both a and b.
d. Neither a nor b.

Answer 7

c. Both a and b.

Question 8

The main advantage of the mean is

a. it is sensitive to the values of extreme scores.
b. it uses all of the information in the distribution.
c. it is not influenced at all by the other scores in the distribution.
d. it is only influenced by how many scores fall above it or below it.

Answer 8

b. it uses all of the information in the distribution.

Question 9

The variance is

a. based on the median.
b. based on the mode.
c. based on the mean.
d. the square root of the standard deviation.

Answer 9

c. based on the mean.

Question 10

A __________ refer to a measure of the average score in a distribution, such as the mean, median, or mode

Answer 10

measure of central tendency

Question 11

A ____________ refer to a measure of the degree of difference between scores in a distribution

Answer 11

measure of variability

Question 12

the ______ is the easiest measure of central tendency to define and the most common score in a frequency distribution

Answer 12

mode

Question 13

The _____ is the middlemost score in a distribution

Answer 13

median

Question 14

The ______ is the common average.

Answer 14

mean

Question 15

the _____ is the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

Answer 15

range

Question 16

Which measure of variability is probably best when the data are skewed?

a. Standard deviation.
b. Variance.
c. Range.
d. Interquartile range.

Answer 16

d. Interquartile range.

Question 17

Which one of the following terms least belongs with the others?

a. Y-axis.
b. Dependent variable.
c. Vertical.
d. X-axis.

Answer 17

d. X-axis.

Question 18

A ___________ shows the same information as a frequency table in a graphical format.

Answer 18

frequency distribution

Question 19

Which one of the following graphs would be used as a preliminary step in correlational analysis?

a. Frequency distribution graph.
b. Line graph.
c. Bar graph.
d. Scattergram.

Answer 19

d. Scattergram.

Question 20

Predicting the value of one variable from another is called

a. regression.
b. correlation.
c. t-test.
d. chi-square.

Answer 20

a. regression.

Question 21

Line graphs should not be used to describe____________ data.

a. continuous
b. categorical
c. quantitative
d. frequency

Answer 21

b. categorical

Question 22

If the independent variable in an experiment is gender, it would be appropriate to use a _____ to represent the data.

a. cumulative record
b. bar graph
c. line graph
d. scattergram

Answer 22

b. bar graph

Question 23

A _____ is a score below which a certain percentage of the cases in a distribution fall; a score, not a percentage

Answer 23

percentile

Question 24

________ range is a measure of variability defined as difference between the 75th percentile and the 25th percentile; it is a difference in scores, not percentages

Answer 24

interquartile range

Question 25

______________ is a measure of variability defined as half the interquartile range

Answer 25

semi-interquartile range

Question 26

the _______ is the average of the squared deviations from the mean

Answer 26

variance

Question 27

the __________ is the square root of the variance; a measure of variability in the same units as the scores being described

Answer 27

standard deviation

Question 28

the _______ is the sum of the squared deviations from the mean

Answer 28

sum of squares

Question 29

A _____ is a display of data in a matrix format

Answer 29

table

Question 30

A ____ is a representation of data by spatial relationships in a diagram

Answer 30

graph

Question 31

A ________ is a graph that shows the number of scores that fall into specific bins, or divisions of the variable

Answer 31

frequency distribution

Question 32

A _______ is a frequency distribution in which the frequencies are represented by contiguous bars

Answer 32

histogram

Question 33

A _________ is a frequency distribution in which the frequencies are connected by straight lines

Answer 33

frequency polygon

Question 34

the ________ refers to a bell-shaped curve described by a certain mathematical function

Answer 34

normal curve

Question 35

_____ is a distribution that is not symmetrical

Answer 35

skewed

Question 36

if a frequency distribution is not symmetrical and has a longer tail on one end or the other, we say that it is _______.

Answer 36

skewed

Question 37

______________ is a distribution that shows the number of scores that fall at or below a certain score

Answer 37

cumulative frequency distribution

Question 38

A _______is a graph showing the responses of a number of individuals on two variables; visual display of correlational data

Answer 38

scattergram