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psych 201 > chapter6 > Flashcards

chapter6 Flashcards

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1
Q

an indication of accuracy in terms of the extent to which a research conclusion corresponds with reality

A

validity

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2
Q

the ultimate goal of _____ is to develop a theory that explains the relationships found among variables

A

research

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3
Q

the extent to which a study provides evidence of a cause-and-effect relationship between the independent and dependent variables

A

internal validity

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4
Q

an experiment has internal validity if there are ______ reasons to believe that a cause and effect relationship really is present between the independent and

A

sound

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5
Q

in an experiment with high internal validity, it really was the ______ variable that caused the ______ variable to change

A

independent

dependent

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6
Q

the error that occurs when the effects of two variables in an experiment cannot be separated, resulting in a confused interpretation of the results.

A

confounding

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7
Q

in an experiment, time is ______ if its possible effects were not tested separately from the effects of feedback.

A

confounded

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8
Q

when some condition co-varies with the independent variable in such a way that their separate effects cannot be sorted out, the two variables are _______.

A

confounded

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9
Q

time is correlated with ______

A

feedback

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10
Q

______ is one of the biggest threats to validity in experimentation

A

confounding

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11
Q

a difference between subjects that cannot be controlled but can only be selected

A

subject variables

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12
Q

_____ is a good example of a subject variable

A

gender

*why?: participants cannot be assigned to one gender, but must be selected from pre-existing groups

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13
Q

the extent to which the results support the theory behind the research

A

construct validity

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14
Q

the _______ of a measurement concerns whether it measures what it is intended to measure and nothing else

A

construct validity

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15
Q

How can you ensure construct validity?

A

You can’t, but you can plan your research so that it is more plausible

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16
Q

an aspect of an experiment designed to make certain that variables have changed in the way that was intended

A

manipulation check

17
Q

________ aim to see that a variable (usually the independent variable) is working in the way that you think that it is, and these checks are often built right into experimental design

A

manipulation checks

18
Q

destruction of a particular part of the brain, the _______, will cause a rat to become obese if it is allowed to eat all it wants

A

hypothalamus

19
Q

how well the findings of an experiment generalize to other situations or population

A

external validity

20
Q

the extent to which an experimental situation mimics a real-world situation

A

ecological validity

21
Q

the extent to which data are shown to be the result of cause-effect relationships rather than accident

A

statistical conclusion validity

22
Q

to establish __________, appropriate sampling and measurement techniques must be used, and inferential statistics must be used properly, in keeping your underlying assumptions

A

statistical conclusion validity

23
Q

the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is, in fact, false

A

power

24
Q

the ________ refers to the strength of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables

A

effect size

25
Q

____________ is when two variables are related, yet it is not clear which one is the cause and which one is the effect

A

ambiguous temporal precedence

26
Q

when events outside of the laboratory influence the results, this type of confounding is called ________.

A

history

27
Q

_________ is a source of error in an experiment related to the amount of time between measurements

A

maturation

28
Q

The participants may become sophisticated about the testing procedure or may learn how to take tests so that there is an _____________

A

effect of repeat testing

29
Q

______________ refers to the tendency of subjects with extreme scores on a first measure to score closer to the mean on a second testing

A

regression effect

30
Q

that part of the value of a variable that can be attributed to chance can be referred to as __________

A

random error

psych 201 (13 decks)

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