Chpt. 7 study guide

Question 1

algorithm

Answer 1

step by step problem solving formula

Question 2

heuristic

Answer 2

general problem solving framework; breaking a task into steps

Question 3

mental sets

Answer 3

persistence in approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past

Question 4

functional fixedness

Answer 4

inability to perceive an object being used for something other than what it was

Question 5

anchoring bias

Answer 5

tendency to focus on one piece of information when making a decision or solving a problem

Question 6

confirmation bias

Answer 6

tendency to focus on information that confirms your existing beliefs

Question 7

hindsight bias

Answer 7

leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it wasn’t

Question 8

availability heuristic

Answer 8

tendency to make a decision based on an example, information, or recent experience that is readily available to you

Question 9

representative bias

Answer 9

tendency to unintentionally stereotype someone or something

Question 10

Charles Spearman

Answer 10

believed intelligence consisted of one general factor, called g. people who are smart in one area tend to be smart in all areas

Question 11

Raymon Cattell

Answer 11

divided intelligence into two components, crystallized and fluid

Question 12

crystallized intelligence vs. fluid intelligence

Answer 12

a. crystallized intelligence is the ability to acquire knowledge and the ability to retrieve/ remember it.

b. Fluid intelligence is the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems

Question 13

Triarchic theory of intelligence

Answer 13

robert sterneberg’s theory that identifies three types of intelligence; practical, creative, and analytical

Question 14

multiple intelligence

Answer 14

gardner’s theory that suggests eight types of intelligent that people may possess

Question 15

8 types of multiple intelligence

Answer 15

1. linguistic
2. logical mathematical
3. musical
4. bodily kinesthetic
5. spatial
6. interpersonal
7. intrapersonal
8. naturalistic intelligence

Question 16

emotional intelligence

Answer 16

a combination of interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence’s

Question 17

divergent thinking

Answer 17

thinking outside the box

Question 18

convergent thinking

Answer 18

ability to provide a correct or well-established answer

Question 19

standardization

Answer 19

the manner of administration, scoring, and interpretation or results is consistent

Question 20

norming

Answer 20

giving a test to a large population so data can be collected comparing groups; age groups

Question 21

alfred binet

Answer 21

developed intelligence testing

Question 22

wechsler adult intelligence scale

Answer 22

the global capacity of a person to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment

Question 23

flynn effect

Answer 23

the observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the last

Question 24

representative sample

Answer 24

a subset of the population that accurately represent the general population

Question 25

standard deviations

Answer 25

describe how data are dispersed in a population

Question 26

nature perspective vs. nurture perspective

Answer 26

a. nature is intelligence that is inherited from a person’s parents

b. nurture is intelligence that is shaped by a child’s development

Question 27

range of reaction

Answer 27

theory that each person responds to the environment in a unique way based on his or her genetic makeup

Question 28

dysgraphia

Answer 28

learning disability resulting in a struggle to write legibly

Question 29

dyslexia

Answer 29

inability to correctly process letters