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general psychology > Chpt. 15 study guide > Flashcards

Chpt. 15 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

Psychopathology

A

the study of psychological disorders

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2
Q

Psychological disorder

A

a condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

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3
Q

APA definition of a psychological disorder

A

a condition that consists of disturbances thought, feelings, and behaviors and lead to significant distress

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4
Q

comorbidity

A

the co-occurence of two disorders

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5
Q

ICD

A
  • international classification of diseases
  • similar to DSM-5
  • examines general population health
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6
Q

diathesis-stress model

A

integrates biological and psychosocial factors to predict the likelihood of a disorder

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7
Q

3 ways fear is learned

A
  1. classically conditioned- a stimuli is associated with fear
  2. vicariously learned- a fear is developed from watching others react with fear towards a stimuli
  3. verbal transmission of information- a fear is developed from being told to fear a stimuli
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8
Q

agoraphobia

A

intense fear of situations where it might be difficult to escape if one experiences a panic attack

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9
Q

safety behaviors

A

mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety; avoidance of eye contact

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10
Q

behavioral inhibition

A

a consistent tendency to show fear and restraint when presented with unfamiliar people or situations

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11
Q

obsessions vs compulsions

A
  • obsessions: persistent and unwanted thoughts and urges that are highly intrusive and distressing
  • compulsions: repetitive and ritualistic acts, carried out to minimize the distress that obsessions trigger
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12
Q

bipolar disorder

A

involves mood states that fluctuate between depression and mania
- mania: extreme elation and agitation
- manic episode: a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week

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13
Q

persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

A

depressed moods most of the day nearly every day for at least two years

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14
Q

depression medications

A

increase serotonin and norepinephrin

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15
Q

bipolar medications

A

lithium which blocks norepinephrine activity at the synapse

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16
Q

depressive schemas

A

contain themes of loss failure, rejection, worthlessness and inadequacy

17
Q

Rumination

A

focus on the fact that one is depressed

18
Q

hallucinations vs delusions

A
  • hallucinations: perceptual experience that occurs in the absence of external stimulation
  • delusions: beliefs that are contrary to reality
19
Q

3 types of delusions

A
  1. paranoid delusions: belief that other people are plotting to harm them
  2. grandiose delusions: belief that one holds special power
  3. somatic delusions: belief that something highly abnormal is happening to their body
20
Q

negative symptoms

A

symptoms that are normally found in neurotypicals but not in schizophrenia

21
Q

dissociative disorders

A

an individual becomes split off from their core sense of self

22
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

inability to recall important personal information

23
Q

dissociative fugue

A

individual suddenly wanders away from home, and experiences identity confusion

24
Q

depersonalization vs derealization

A

-depersonalixation: detachment from one’s self

  • derealization: a sense of detachment from the world
25
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

individual exhibits two or more separate personalities

26
Q

personality disorders

A
  • an inflexible personality style that differs from the expectations of the culture and causes distress
27
Q

clusters of personality disorders

A
  • cluster A: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
  • cluster B: antiscoial, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline
  • cluster C: avoidant, dependant, obsessive compulsive
28
Q

Cluster A

A
  • paranoid
  • schizoid
  • schizotypal
29
Q

Clusters B

A
  • antisocial
  • histrionic
  • narcissistic
  • borderline
30
Q

Clusters C

A
  • avoidant
  • dependent
  • obsessive compulsive
31
Q

Neurodevelopmental disorders

A
  • involve developmental problems in personal, social, academic, and intellectual functioning
  • ADHD
  • Austism spectrum disorder
32
Q

ADHD

A
  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
  • constant pattern of inattention or hyperactive and impulsive behavior that interferes with normal functioning
33
Q

Autism spectrum disorder

A

deficits in social interaction, deficits in communication, repetitive patterns of behavior or interests

general psychology (11 decks)

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