Chpt. 15 study guide

Question 1

Psychopathology

Answer 1

the study of psychological disorders

Question 2

Psychological disorder

Answer 2

a condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Question 3

APA definition of a psychological disorder

Answer 3

a condition that consists of disturbances thought, feelings, and behaviors and lead to significant distress

Question 4

comorbidity

Answer 4

the co-occurence of two disorders

Question 5

ICD

Answer 5

• international classification of diseases
• similar to DSM-5
• examines general population health

Question 6

diathesis-stress model

Answer 6

integrates biological and psychosocial factors to predict the likelihood of a disorder

Question 7

3 ways fear is learned

Answer 7

1. classically conditioned- a stimuli is associated with fear
2. vicariously learned- a fear is developed from watching others react with fear towards a stimuli
3. verbal transmission of information- a fear is developed from being told to fear a stimuli

Question 8

agoraphobia

Answer 8

intense fear of situations where it might be difficult to escape if one experiences a panic attack

Question 9

safety behaviors

Answer 9

mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety; avoidance of eye contact

Question 10

behavioral inhibition

Answer 10

a consistent tendency to show fear and restraint when presented with unfamiliar people or situations

Question 11

obsessions vs compulsions

Answer 11

• obsessions: persistent and unwanted thoughts and urges that are highly intrusive and distressing
• compulsions: repetitive and ritualistic acts, carried out to minimize the distress that obsessions trigger

Question 12

bipolar disorder

Answer 12

involves mood states that fluctuate between depression and mania
- mania: extreme elation and agitation
- manic episode: a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated or irritable mood lasting at least one week

Question 13

persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

Answer 13

depressed moods most of the day nearly every day for at least two years

Question 14

depression medications

Answer 14

increase serotonin and norepinephrin

Question 15

bipolar medications

Answer 15

lithium which blocks norepinephrine activity at the synapse

Question 16

depressive schemas

Answer 16

contain themes of loss failure, rejection, worthlessness and inadequacy

Question 17

Rumination

Answer 17

focus on the fact that one is depressed

Question 18

hallucinations vs delusions

Answer 18

• hallucinations: perceptual experience that occurs in the absence of external stimulation
• delusions: beliefs that are contrary to reality

Question 19

3 types of delusions

Answer 19

1. paranoid delusions: belief that other people are plotting to harm them
2. grandiose delusions: belief that one holds special power
3. somatic delusions: belief that something highly abnormal is happening to their body

Question 20

negative symptoms

Answer 20

symptoms that are normally found in neurotypicals but not in schizophrenia

Question 21

dissociative disorders

Answer 21

an individual becomes split off from their core sense of self

Question 22

dissociative amnesia

Answer 22

inability to recall important personal information

Question 23

dissociative fugue

Answer 23

individual suddenly wanders away from home, and experiences identity confusion

Question 24

depersonalization vs derealization

Answer 24

-depersonalixation: detachment from one’s self

• derealization: a sense of detachment from the world

Question 25

dissociative identity disorder

Answer 25

individual exhibits two or more separate personalities

Question 26

personality disorders

Answer 26

- an inflexible personality style that differs from the expectations of the culture and causes distress

Question 27

clusters of personality disorders

Answer 27

- cluster A: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal - cluster B: antiscoial, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline - cluster C: avoidant, dependant, obsessive compulsive

Question 28

Cluster A

Answer 28

- paranoid - schizoid - schizotypal

Question 29

Clusters B

Answer 29

- antisocial - histrionic - narcissistic - borderline

Question 30

Clusters C

Answer 30

- avoidant - dependent - obsessive compulsive

Question 31

Neurodevelopmental disorders

Answer 31

- involve developmental problems in personal, social, academic, and intellectual functioning - ADHD - Austism spectrum disorder

Question 32

ADHD

Answer 32

- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - constant pattern of inattention or hyperactive and impulsive behavior that interferes with normal functioning

Question 33

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 33

deficits in social interaction, deficits in communication, repetitive patterns of behavior or interests