Chpt. 4 study guide Flashcards
Consciousness
awareness of internal and external stimuli like hunger and pain
wakefulness
high levels of sensory awareness, thought and behavior
biological rhythm
the internal cycle of biological activity like body and temperature, the menstrual cycle
circadian rhythm
biological rhythm that occurs over a 24 hour time period, main rhythm is the sleep-wake cycle
Chronotype
and individuals circadian pattern of activity
sleep-debt
result of insufficient sleep on a chronic basis, affects you cognitive function
sleep rebound
a sleep deprived individual will take less time to fall asleep during subsequent opportunities for sleep
Melatonin
regulates the sleep-wake cycle, is released when you are in darkness
Follicle stimulating hormone
manages the menstrual cycle and stimulates the ovaries to produce eggs
luteinizing hormone
stimulates important processes in the menstrual cycle (like hormones and regulates the length of the menstrual cycle)
Hypothalamus (what it does in relation to the sleep cycle)
responsible for maintaining homeostasis
6 brain areas involved in sleep
Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Pineal gland, Pituitary gland, Pons, and the Suprachiasmatic nucleus.
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)
located in the hypothalamus, serves as the brains clock mechanism
Adaptive function (Evolutionary Hypotheses)
sleep is essential to restore resources that are expended during the day, and sleep is an adaptive response to predatory risks
Benefits of sleep
maintain a healthy weight, lowers stress levels, improves mood, etc.
Sleep spindles
rapid bursts of high frequency brainwaves
K-complexes
very high amplitude pattern of brain activity
Delta waves vs. Alpha waves vs. Theta waves
a. Delta waves are high amplitude waves
b. Alpha waves are medium frequency waves
c. Theta waves are slow frequency waves
REM sleep (rapid eye movement)
rapid eye movement, paralysis of voluntary muscles, dreams, brains waves are similar to that of wakefulness; occurs after stage 3&4 of sleep
Stage 1 of sleep
transition phase occurring between sleep and wakefulness. Respiration as well as heartbeat slow, muscle tension and body temp decrease.
stage 2 of sleep
body is deeply relaxed, experience spindles and k-complexes
stage 3 & 4 of sleep (basically one stage)
also known as slow wave sleep. Delta waves occur, and respiration and rate slow down further
Hypnogram
a diagram of the stages of sleep as they occur during a period of sleep
latent content vs. manifest content
a. latent content is the hidden meaning of the dream
b. manifest content is the content of a dream
who is Carl Jung
believes that dreams allow us to tap into the collective unconscious
who is sigmund freud (think unconscious mind)
believed that dreams were a way to gain access to the unconscious mind
collective unconscious
information shared by all people across cultures
universal archetypes
symbols every culture has; like a mom, hero, or god
lucid dreams
certain aspects of wakefulness are maintained during a dreaming state
insomnia vs. parasomnia
a. insomnia is the difficulty falling or staying asleep
b. parasomnia is the unwanted motor behavior/experiences throughout the sleep cycle; ex. sleep walking
Night terrors
sleeper experiences a sense of panic and may scream or attempt to escape
Obstructive sleep apnea vs. central sleep apnea
a. obstructive is when the airway becomes blocked and air is prevented from entering the lungs
b. central is when the CNS fails to initiate breathing
Narcolepsy
the irresistible urge to fall asleep during waking hours
cataplexy
loss of muscle tone while awake or in some cases complete paralysis of the voluntary muscles
Hypnagogic hallucinations
vivid, dream-like hallucinations
Physiological dependence vs. psychological dependence (in relation to drugs)
a. physiological dependence involves changes in normal bodily function and withdrawal upon cessation of use
b. psychological dependence involves the emotional need for a drug
