Chpt. 4 study guide Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

awareness of internal and external stimuli like hunger and pain

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2
Q

wakefulness

A

high levels of sensory awareness, thought and behavior

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3
Q

biological rhythm

A

the internal cycle of biological activity like body and temperature, the menstrual cycle

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4
Q

circadian rhythm

A

biological rhythm that occurs over a 24 hour time period, main rhythm is the sleep-wake cycle

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5
Q

Chronotype

A

and individuals circadian pattern of activity

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6
Q

sleep-debt

A

result of insufficient sleep on a chronic basis, affects you cognitive function

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7
Q

sleep rebound

A

a sleep deprived individual will take less time to fall asleep during subsequent opportunities for sleep

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8
Q

Melatonin

A

regulates the sleep-wake cycle, is released when you are in darkness

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9
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone

A

manages the menstrual cycle and stimulates the ovaries to produce eggs

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10
Q

luteinizing hormone

A

stimulates important processes in the menstrual cycle (like hormones and regulates the length of the menstrual cycle)

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11
Q

Hypothalamus (what it does in relation to the sleep cycle)

A

responsible for maintaining homeostasis

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12
Q

6 brain areas involved in sleep

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Pineal gland, Pituitary gland, Pons, and the Suprachiasmatic nucleus.

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13
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

A

located in the hypothalamus, serves as the brains clock mechanism

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14
Q

Adaptive function (Evolutionary Hypotheses)

A

sleep is essential to restore resources that are expended during the day, and sleep is an adaptive response to predatory risks

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15
Q

Benefits of sleep

A

maintain a healthy weight, lowers stress levels, improves mood, etc.

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16
Q

Sleep spindles

A

rapid bursts of high frequency brainwaves

17
Q

K-complexes

A

very high amplitude pattern of brain activity

18
Q

Delta waves vs. Alpha waves vs. Theta waves

A

a. Delta waves are high amplitude waves

b. Alpha waves are medium frequency waves

c. Theta waves are slow frequency waves

19
Q

REM sleep (rapid eye movement)

A

rapid eye movement, paralysis of voluntary muscles, dreams, brains waves are similar to that of wakefulness; occurs after stage 3&4 of sleep

20
Q

Stage 1 of sleep

A

transition phase occurring between sleep and wakefulness. Respiration as well as heartbeat slow, muscle tension and body temp decrease.

21
Q

stage 2 of sleep

A

body is deeply relaxed, experience spindles and k-complexes

22
Q

stage 3 & 4 of sleep (basically one stage)

A

also known as slow wave sleep. Delta waves occur, and respiration and rate slow down further

23
Q

Hypnogram

A

a diagram of the stages of sleep as they occur during a period of sleep

24
Q

latent content vs. manifest content

A

a. latent content is the hidden meaning of the dream

b. manifest content is the content of a dream

25
Q

who is Carl Jung

A

believes that dreams allow us to tap into the collective unconscious

26
Q

who is sigmund freud (think unconscious mind)

A

believed that dreams were a way to gain access to the unconscious mind

27
Q

collective unconscious

A

information shared by all people across cultures

28
Q

universal archetypes

A

symbols every culture has; like a mom, hero, or god

29
Q

lucid dreams

A

certain aspects of wakefulness are maintained during a dreaming state

30
Q

insomnia vs. parasomnia

A

a. insomnia is the difficulty falling or staying asleep

b. parasomnia is the unwanted motor behavior/experiences throughout the sleep cycle; ex. sleep walking

31
Q

Night terrors

A

sleeper experiences a sense of panic and may scream or attempt to escape

32
Q

Obstructive sleep apnea vs. central sleep apnea

A

a. obstructive is when the airway becomes blocked and air is prevented from entering the lungs

b. central is when the CNS fails to initiate breathing

33
Q

Narcolepsy

A

the irresistible urge to fall asleep during waking hours

34
Q

cataplexy

A

loss of muscle tone while awake or in some cases complete paralysis of the voluntary muscles

35
Q

Hypnagogic hallucinations

A

vivid, dream-like hallucinations

36
Q

Physiological dependence vs. psychological dependence (in relation to drugs)

A

a. physiological dependence involves changes in normal bodily function and withdrawal upon cessation of use

b. psychological dependence involves the emotional need for a drug