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Microbiology > Chpt 21 > Flashcards

Chpt 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Flushing action of urine is a type of __

A

Defense

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2
Q

Urine flow encourages __

A

DESQUAMATION OF EPITHELIAL CELLS LINING IN THE URINARY TRACT

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3
Q

____ are the most common microbial threat to the urinary tract

A

Normal biota

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4
Q 
Defenses in the urine are all EXECEPT FOR:
A.acidic pH
B.Lysozyme 
C.Lactoferrin
D.Secretory IgA
E.IgE
A

except for IgE

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5
Q

Is a majr nonspecific defense during childhood and menopause

A

Mucus

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6
Q

What would be a cause of having differently biota in the vagine during adolescence?

A

Change in pH beginning of adolescence

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7
Q

How are kidneys, ureters, bladder, and upper urethra kept serile?

A

By urine flow and regular bladder emptying

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8
Q

After the onset of puberty, estrogen leads to glycogen release in the vagina resulting in ___

A

Acidic pH

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9
Q

Predominance of Lactobacillus, combined with acidic enviromen, discourages the growth of many microorgansims (t/f)

A

True

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10
Q

Candida albicans is not present in the female genital tract (t/f)

A

False, is present at LOW LEVELS

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11
Q

Overgrowth of candida albicans may result in ___

A

Symptomatic yeast infection

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12
Q

Which organisms is the primary biota of the vagina

a. Staphylococcus
b. Lactobacillus
c. Pseudomonas
d. Streptococcus
e. Candida

A

Lactobacillus

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13
Q

Infection of the urinary bladder

A

Cystisis

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14
Q

Infection of the kidneys

A

Pyelonephritis

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15
Q

Infection limited to the urethra

A

Urethritis

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16
Q

Burning pain accompanying urination

A

Dysuria

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17
Q

Presence of blood in the urine

A

Hematuria

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18
Q

UTI’s seen in health care facilities are usually due to:

A

Catheters!!

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19
Q

95% OF UTIs are caused by ___ of the gastrointestinal tract

A

Normal biota

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20
Q

Escheria coli is responsible for 80% of ___

A

UTI’s infection

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21
Q

Back pain and high fever are symptoms of

A

Pyelonephritis

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22
Q

Cranberry products products TREAT ACTIVE UTI’s (t/f)

A

False, there’s no evidence that cranberry products treat ACTIVE UTI’s

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23
Q

___ not transmitted from one person to other but from the GI tract to the urinary system.
- more common in women than men because of the nearnes of the urethral opening to the anus

A

Community-acquired UTIs

24
Q

A CDC report in 2015 showed that

A

Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis were at their highest rates ever, after decades of progress

25
Q

Urethritis
Painful urination
Yellowish discharge

A

Male signs and symtpoms of GONORRHEA NEISSERIA GONORRHOA

26
Q

___ causes major complications on women when the infection accends from vagina and cervix to higher reproductive structures such as uterus and fallopian tubes

27
Q

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes

A

Salpingitis!!!

28
Q

Salpingitis that includes inflammation of other parts of the upper reproductive tract

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

29
Q

___ is the most common reportable infectious disease in the US

30
Q

Causative agent of chlamydia

A

C. trachomatis

31
Q

C. trachomatis is a causative agent of

32
Q

__ is a frequent secuela of female chamydial infection

33
Q

Inflammation of the vagina

34
Q

Similar to vaginitis, but does not include significant inflammation

35
Q

Candida albicans is a

A

Fungus infection !! (yeast infection)

36
Q

Candida infections of the bloodstream do occurs and have higlhy mortaility rates (t/f)

37
Q

Vaginal infections are ___

A

Nearly always opportunistic

38
Q

Protozoa, does not survive long out of the host

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

39
Q

Which one of the following is not an genital ulcer disease:

a. Syphylis
b. Chacroid
c. Genital Herpes
d. HIV

40
Q

Syphilis causative agent

A

Treponema pallidum

41
Q

CHANCRE (ulcers) is the ___ syphilis

42
Q

3-6 month later fever is a sign of ___ syphilis

A

Secondary syphilis

43
Q

Chancroid is a ___ disease

A

Ulcerative

44
Q

___ has recurrent episodes of lesions

A

Genital herpes

45
Q

Can spread even when no lesions are present ___

A

Genital herpes!!!

46
Q

There’s a vaccine for genital herpes (t/f)

A

False, no vaccine available

47
Q

Human papillomavirus infection is a causative agent of

A

Genital warts

48
Q

Nearly all sexually active adults will get ___ at some time in their lives

49
Q

The vast majority of cervical cancers are caused by

50
Q

Males don’t get cancer from infectious from these viruses (t/f)

A

False, males CAN also get cancer from infection from these viruses

51
Q

Infection with human papillomavirus is

52
Q
  1. Which of the following i on the CDCs “Urgent threat” list because of its potential resistance to antibitotics?
    a. staph saprophyticus
    b. trichonomas vaginalis
    c. herpes virus
    d. enterobacteriacea
A

Enterobacteriacea

53
Q
  1. Which of the following bacteria is known to produce substances that rais the local pH
    a. gardnerella
    b. E coli
    c. lactobacillus
    c. leptospira
A

Gardenella

54
Q
  1. Which part of the urinary tract has te most abundant and diverse microbiome
    a. lower urethra
    b. upper urethra
    c. bladder
    d. kidneys
A

Lower urethra

55
Q
  1. Bacterial vaginosis is commonly associated with
    a. Candida albicans
    b. Gardnerella
    c. Trichomonas
    d. anu of these
A

Gardnerella

56
Q
  1. Which of the following STIs is curable with antimicrobials
    a. HPV
    b. Herpes
    c. Chlamydia
    d. Two of these

Microbiology (16 decks)

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