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Microbiology > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

Immunocompetence

A

The ability of the body to react with countless foreign substances

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2
Q

___ molecules that can be seen and identified by the immune system

A

Antigens

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3
Q

When antigens provoke a response they are called

A

Immunogens

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4
Q

___Antibodies produced against the chickenpox virus will not function against the measles virus

A

Specificity immunity

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5
Q

__lymphocytes have been programmed to “recall” their first engagement with the invader and rush to the attach once again

A

memory immunity

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6
Q

__ the portion of an antigenic molecule to which a lymphocyte responds

A

Epitope

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7
Q

T-lymphocye response is

A

Cell mediated

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8
Q

B-lymphocyte response is

A

Antibodies

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9
Q

Where do Bcells mature?

A

Bone marrow

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10
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

Thymus

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11
Q

What are APCs?

A

Antigen presenting cells

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12
Q

What do APCs do?

A

Dendritic and B cells ingest pathogen and process it to present it to T and B lymphocytes

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13
Q

Which one of these is not an APC cell?

a. B cells
b. Dendritic cells
c. T cells

A

T cells

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14
Q

This type of gene display unique characteristics of self

A

Class I genes

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15
Q

This type of gene code for regulatory markers found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells

A

Class II genes

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16
Q

This type of gene is involved in presentation of antigen to T cells displaying only foreign antigens (APCs)

A

Class II gene

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17
Q

This type of gene encode proteins with the complement system

A

Class III genes

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18
Q

What is the major role of Lymphocyte Receptors

A

“Accept” or “Grasp” antigens

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19
Q

___ have receptors that bind antigens

A

B cells

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20
Q

___ have receptors that bind antigens that have benn processed and complexed with MHC molecules on the presenting cell surface

A

T cells

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21
Q

Both B and T cells can proliferate and differentiate __

A

Clones

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22
Q

Some clones are__

A

Memory cells, it will ensure the future reactivity to a specific antigen (vaccine)

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23
Q

CMI means

A

Cell-mediated immunity

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24
Q

These cells assist and help ___

A

Helper T cells

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25
These cells lead to destruction, “KILL”\_\_
Cytotoxic T cells
26
(T/F) T cells produce antibodies
False, they do not
27
What happens when B cels are activated?
They divide and give rise to Plasma cells
28
\_\_\_ cells release antibodies
Plasma
29
What happens when Antibodies attach to the antigen
They are marked for destruction or neutralization by other cells
30
(T/F) B cells require antigen presented with MHC
False, T cells do need antigen presented with MHC
31
What is the product of antigenic stimulation of T cells?
Several types of activated T cells and memory cells
32
Accessory proteins that help to the T-cell receptor bind to MHC II
CD4 coreceptors (Th&Tr)
33
Found on cytotoxic T cells and binds to MHC I molecules
CD8 corereceptors (Tc)
34
Where do specific events in B-cell develop?
Bone marrow
35
What happens when Band T cells reach lymphoid tissues?
Each one is equipped to respond to a single unique antigen
36
\_\_\_ when secreted are antigens
Immunoglobulin
37
(T/F) Each genetically distinct lymphocyte expresses several specificities and can react to many type of antigen
False, each genetically distinct lymphocyte expresess ONLY A SINGLE specificity and can react to ONLY ONE type of antigen
38
Process by which any clones are destroyed
clonal deletion
39
Determine if it describes a T cell or B cell. Matures in the bone marrow
B cell
40
Determine if it describes a T cell or B cell. HIgh numbers of cells circulating in the blood
T cell
41
Determine if it describes a T cell or B cell. Require antigen to be presented with an MHC molecule
T cell
42
Determine if it describes a T cell or B cell. Produce antibodies
B cell
43
Determine if it describes a T cell or B cell. Cells activated to help other immune cells, suppress or kill abnormal cells.
T cell
44
Substances that can elicit in immune response
Immunogen
45
The basis for an individual's blood gorup and major histocompatibility profile
Alloantigen
46
\_\_\_ Are responsible for incompatibilities that can occur in blood transfusion or organ grafting
Alloantigen
47
\_\_\_Activate T cells at a rate 100 times greater than ordinary antigen
Superantigens
48
Toxic shock syndrome and certain autoimmune diseases are also associated with\_\_\_
Supertantigens
49
Antigens that evoke allergic reaction
Allergen
50
Wich of these are not examples of APCs a. macrophages b. B cells c. Dendritic cells d. T helper cell
D. Is not an example
51
After processing is complete, the antigen will be readily accessible to\_\_\_
T lymphocyes
52
Cell mediated ___ require some type of MHC (self) recognition before they can be activated
Restricted
53
What is the end result of T-cell stimulation
**Mobilization of other T cells, B cells, and phagocytes**
54
Many types of T helper cells all bear ___ and are ___ in regulating immune reactions to antigens
CD4 Maker, critical
55
Cytotoxic T (TC) Cells
Kill other cells
56
Frequently respond to certain kinds of PAMPs In the same way as nonspecific WBC React very quickly
Gamma-Delta cells
57
(T/F) Natural killers (NK) cells destroy these cells different than TC cells
False, they destroy these cells in a similar fashion as TC cells
58
\_\_ function that surrounds antigen to kill but not directly ("buttering up")
Opsonization
59
\_\_\_ Antibodies fill the surface receptors on a virus or the active site on a microbial enzyme to prevent it from attaching normally
Neutralization
60
\_\_\_ the capacity for antibodies to aggregate, or agglutinate (blood typing)
Agglutination
61
Effect of Fc fragment
Acitvates the complement
62
Structural and functional classes of immnunoglobins
Isotypes
63
Coats mucous membranes and serous secretions of the salivary glands, intestine, nasal membranes, breast, lung, and genitourinary tract
IgA
64
\_\_\_\_ Is the earliest secretion of breast ilk; high in IgA
Colostrum
65
Colostrum is an example of ___ immunity to a newborn
Passive
66
Activation of B cells
IgD
67
Stimulates basophils **histamine** and other agents inflammation and **allergy**
IgE
68
80% of circulating antibodies predominant in **secondary immune response**
IgG
69
Primary immune response (anti-a/anti-B in plasma)
IgM
70
\_\_\_ Levels of antibodies in the serum overtime -may lead to the use of nonpathogenic microbes in vaccines against more dangerous ones
Titer
71
1. IgG A.Secreted on mocous membranes 2. IgA B.Receptor on B cells 3. IgM C.Produced in response to allergies 4. IgD D.Most prevalent antibody 5. IgE E.First antibody produced
IgG- D IgA-A IgM-E IgD-B IgE-C
72
Immunity through normal biological experiences
Natural immunity
73
Infection obtained through medical procedures
Artificial immunity
74
\_\_ immunity requires several days to develop
Active immunity
75
COVID 19 immunotherapy was widely called
Convalescent serum
76
Basic principles behind vaccination
- Stimulate a primary response and a memory response - If the pathogen enters the body, the response will be immediate, powerful and sustained
77
Antigenic molecules derived from bacterial cells or viruses
Subunits
78
\_\_ vaccines ice instructions for our cells to producing a spike protein which is found on the virus
mRNA
79
(T/F) There's a link between autism and MMR vaccine
There's no link between autism and MMR vaccine
80
Which statements describes active or passive immunity: A.Infusion of gamma globulin B.Recovery from influenza C. Receipt of the influenza vaccination D.Antibodies passed from mother to infant through breastfeeding
A.Passive B.Active C.Passive D,Passive

Microbiology (16 decks)

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