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Microbiology > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Immunocompetence

A

The ability of the body to react with countless foreign substances

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2
Q

___ molecules that can be seen and identified by the immune system

A

Antigens

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3
Q

When antigens provoke a response they are called

A

Immunogens

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4
Q

___Antibodies produced against the chickenpox virus will not function against the measles virus

A

Specificity immunity

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5
Q

__lymphocytes have been programmed to “recall” their first engagement with the invader and rush to the attach once again

A

memory immunity

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6
Q

__ the portion of an antigenic molecule to which a lymphocyte responds

A

Epitope

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7
Q

T-lymphocye response is

A

Cell mediated

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8
Q

B-lymphocyte response is

A

Antibodies

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9
Q

Where do Bcells mature?

A

Bone marrow

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10
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

Thymus

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11
Q

What are APCs?

A

Antigen presenting cells

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12
Q

What do APCs do?

A

Dendritic and B cells ingest pathogen and process it to present it to T and B lymphocytes

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13
Q

Which one of these is not an APC cell?

a. B cells
b. Dendritic cells
c. T cells

A

T cells

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14
Q

This type of gene display unique characteristics of self

A

Class I genes

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15
Q

This type of gene code for regulatory markers found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells

A

Class II genes

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16
Q

This type of gene is involved in presentation of antigen to T cells displaying only foreign antigens (APCs)

A

Class II gene

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17
Q

This type of gene encode proteins with the complement system

A

Class III genes

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18
Q

What is the major role of Lymphocyte Receptors

A

“Accept” or “Grasp” antigens

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19
Q

___ have receptors that bind antigens

A

B cells

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20
Q

___ have receptors that bind antigens that have benn processed and complexed with MHC molecules on the presenting cell surface

A

T cells

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21
Q

Both B and T cells can proliferate and differentiate __

A

Clones

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22
Q

Some clones are__

A

Memory cells, it will ensure the future reactivity to a specific antigen (vaccine)

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23
Q

CMI means

A

Cell-mediated immunity

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24
Q

These cells assist and help ___

A

Helper T cells

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25
Q

These cells lead to destruction, “KILL”__

A

Cytotoxic T cells

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26
Q

(T/F) T cells produce antibodies

A

False, they do not

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27
Q

What happens when B cels are activated?

A

They divide and give rise to Plasma cells

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28
Q

___ cells release antibodies

A

Plasma

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29
Q

What happens when Antibodies attach to the antigen

A

They are marked for destruction or neutralization by other cells

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30
Q

(T/F) B cells require antigen presented with MHC

A

False, T cells do need antigen presented with MHC

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31
Q

What is the product of antigenic stimulation of T cells?

A

Several types of activated T cells and memory cells

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32
Q

Accessory proteins that help to the T-cell receptor bind to MHC II

A

CD4 coreceptors (Th&Tr)

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33
Q

Found on cytotoxic T cells and binds to MHC I molecules

A

CD8 corereceptors (Tc)

34
Q

Where do specific events in B-cell develop?

A

Bone marrow

35
Q

What happens when Band T cells reach lymphoid tissues?

A

Each one is equipped to respond to a single unique antigen

36
Q

___ when secreted are antigens

A

Immunoglobulin

37
Q

(T/F) Each genetically distinct lymphocyte expresses several specificities and can react to many type of antigen

A

False, each genetically distinct lymphocyte expresess ONLY A SINGLE specificity and can react to ONLY ONE type of antigen

38
Q

Process by which any clones are destroyed

A

clonal deletion

39
Q

Determine if it describes a T cell or B cell.

Matures in the bone marrow

A

B cell

40
Q

Determine if it describes a T cell or B cell.

HIgh numbers of cells circulating in the blood

A

T cell

41
Q

Determine if it describes a T cell or B cell.

Require antigen to be presented with an MHC molecule

A

T cell

42
Q

Determine if it describes a T cell or B cell.

Produce antibodies

A

B cell

43
Q

Determine if it describes a T cell or B cell.

Cells activated to help other immune cells, suppress or kill abnormal cells.

A

T cell

44
Q

Substances that can elicit in immune response

A

Immunogen

45
Q

The basis for an individual’s blood gorup and major histocompatibility profile

A

Alloantigen

46
Q

___ Are responsible for incompatibilities that can occur in blood transfusion or organ grafting

A

Alloantigen

47
Q

___Activate T cells at a rate 100 times greater than ordinary antigen

A

Superantigens

48
Q

Toxic shock syndrome and certain autoimmune diseases are also associated with___

A

Supertantigens

49
Q

Antigens that evoke allergic reaction

A

Allergen

50
Q

Wich of these are not examples of APCs

a. macrophages
b. B cells
c. Dendritic cells
d. T helper cell

A

D. Is not an example

51
Q

After processing is complete, the antigen will be readily accessible to___

A

T lymphocyes

52
Q

Cell mediated ___ require some type of MHC (self) recognition before they can be activated

A

Restricted

53
Q

What is the end result of T-cell stimulation

A

Mobilization of other T cells, B cells, and phagocytes

54
Q

Many types of T helper cells all bear ___ and are ___ in regulating immune reactions to antigens

A

CD4 Maker, critical

55
Q

Cytotoxic T (TC) Cells

A

Kill other cells

56
Q

Frequently respond to certain kinds of PAMPs In the same way as nonspecific WBC

React very quickly

A

Gamma-Delta cells

57
Q

(T/F) Natural killers (NK) cells destroy these cells different than TC cells

A

False, they destroy these cells in a similar fashion as TC cells

58
Q

__ function that surrounds antigen to kill but not directly (“buttering up”)

A

Opsonization

59
Q

___ Antibodies fill the surface receptors on a virus or the active site on a microbial enzyme to prevent it from attaching normally

A

Neutralization

60
Q

___ the capacity for antibodies to aggregate, or agglutinate (blood typing)

A

Agglutination

61
Q

Effect of Fc fragment

A

Acitvates the complement

62
Q

Structural and functional classes of immnunoglobins

A

Isotypes

63
Q

Coats mucous membranes and serous secretions of the salivary glands, intestine, nasal membranes, breast, lung, and genitourinary tract

A

IgA

64
Q

____ Is the earliest secretion of breast ilk; high in IgA

A

Colostrum

65
Q

Colostrum is an example of ___ immunity to a newborn

A

Passive

66
Q

Activation of B cells

A

IgD

67
Q

Stimulates basophils histamine and other agents inflammation and allergy

A

IgE

68
Q

80% of circulating antibodies predominant in secondary immune response

A

IgG

69
Q

Primary immune response (anti-a/anti-B in plasma)

A

IgM

70
Q

___ Levels of antibodies in the serum overtime

-may lead to the use of nonpathogenic microbes in vaccines against more dangerous ones

A

Titer

71
Q
  1. IgG A.Secreted on mocous membranes
  2. IgA B.Receptor on B cells
  3. IgM C.Produced in response to allergies
  4. IgD D.Most prevalent antibody
  5. IgE E.First antibody produced
A

IgG- D

IgA-A

IgM-E

IgD-B

IgE-C

72
Q

Immunity through normal biological experiences

A

Natural immunity

73
Q

Infection obtained through medical procedures

A

Artificial immunity

74
Q

__ immunity requires several days to develop

A

Active immunity

75
Q

COVID 19 immunotherapy was widely called

A

Convalescent serum

76
Q

Basic principles behind vaccination

A
  • Stimulate a primary response and a memory response
  • If the pathogen enters the body, the response will be immediate, powerful and sustained
77
Q

Antigenic molecules derived from bacterial cells or viruses

A

Subunits

78
Q

__ vaccines ice instructions for our cells to producing a spike protein which is found on the virus

A

mRNA

79
Q

(T/F) There’s a link between autism and MMR vaccine

A

There’s no link between autism and MMR vaccine

80
Q

Which statements describes active or passive immunity:

A.Infusion of gamma globulin

B.Recovery from influenza

C. Receipt of the influenza vaccination

D.Antibodies passed from mother to infant through breastfeeding

A

A.Passive

B.Active

C.Passive

D,Passive

Microbiology (16 decks)

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