Chapter 10 Flashcards
Use of a drug to prevent infection of a person at risk
Prophylaxis
Natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms
Antibiotics
Narrow spectrum
limited spectrum (only gram positive
Broad spectrum
Extended spectrum (against both gram positive and gram negative)
Kirby-bauer
Zone of inhibition surrounding the discs is measured and compared with standard for each drug
Tube dilution test
More sensitive and quantitative than the Kirby-bauer test
MIC
Smallest concentration that works
In vivo and in vitro activity of a drug are always the same (T/F)
False, they are not always correlated
Therapeutic Index
The ratio of the drug that is toxic to humans as compared to its minimum effective therapeutic dose (TOXIC/ MIC)
(T/F) The highest therapeutic index has the widest margin of safety
True
Before prescribing antibiotic the physician must take a careful history of
Underlying liver or kidney disease
Humans lack which chemical and how is this beneficial?
Lack chemical peptidoglycan which makes unaffected by the drug
(T/F) As characteristics of infectious disease are more and more similar to the host cell, selective toxicity becomes easier to achieve
False, it becomes more difficult to achieve
(T/F) Bacteria in biofilms behave differently when they are free-living
True
The challenge of antielminthic drug therapy
Their physiology is much more similar to humans
Probiotocis are
Live microorganisms fed to animals and humans to improve intestinal biota. Useful in the management of food allergies
Superinfection
Microbes that were once small number overgrow
Which is a broad spectrum, targets protein synthesis and discolors teeth?
Tetracycline
Sulfonamides target ___
Folic acid synthesis
This drug targets nucleic acids and can be used for bacterial and protozoan infections, and can also be used for the first episode of C.diff
Metronidazole
Ceclor/ceclor are___ whose mode of action is to target the cell wall
Cephalosporin
Which of the following choices targets the cell membrane
a. Polymixins
b. Cephalosporins
c. Aminoglucosides
Polymyxins
Which of the following targets DNA?
a. Penicillin
b. ciproflaxin
c. polymyxins
d. Isoniazid
Ciproflaxin
Which of the following is likely to be most toxic to patients.
a. Polymixins
b. Penicillin
c. Doxycycline
d. Metronidazole
Polymixins
Which of the following terms refers to the use of a drug to PREVENT an imminent infection?
a. Using antimicrobials
b. Using a narrow spectrum drug
c. Prophylaxis
d. Conjugation
Prophylaxis
Which of the following terms is the smallest concentration of a drug that visibly inhibits grow?
a. MIC
b. CDC
c. MAC
d. IBM
MIC
Which of the following is the best therapeutic index?
a. 1.2
b. 2.1
c. 2.11
d. 3.2
3.2
(t/f) A good choice of antibiotic drug would not be selectively toxic
False, selectively toxic is a good antibiotic drug choice
Nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes are called
a. probiotics
b. prebiotics
c. postbiotics
d. fecal transplants
Prebiotics
Penicilin g and v targets
Cell wall
Cephalosporin targets
Cell wall
Carbapenems target
Cell wall
Vancomycin is used for
C.diff
Macroslides, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines target
Protein synthesis
