Chapter 10

Question 1

Use of a drug to prevent infection of a person at risk

Answer 1

Prophylaxis

Question 2

Natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms

Answer 2

Antibiotics

Question 3

Narrow spectrum

Answer 3

limited spectrum (only gram positive

Question 4

Broad spectrum

Answer 4

Extended spectrum (against both gram positive and gram negative)

Question 5

Kirby-bauer

Answer 5

Zone of inhibition surrounding the discs is measured and compared with standard for each drug

Question 6

Tube dilution test

Answer 6

More sensitive and quantitative than the Kirby-bauer test

Question 7

MIC

Answer 7

Smallest concentration that works

Question 8

In vivo and in vitro activity of a drug are always the same (T/F)

Answer 8

False, they are not always correlated

Question 9

Therapeutic Index

Answer 9

The ratio of the drug that is toxic to humans as compared to its minimum effective therapeutic dose (TOXIC/ MIC)

Question 10

(T/F) The highest therapeutic index has the widest margin of safety

Answer 10

True

Question 11

Before prescribing antibiotic the physician must take a careful history of

Answer 11

Underlying liver or kidney disease

Question 12

Humans lack which chemical and how is this beneficial?

Answer 12

Lack chemical peptidoglycan which makes unaffected by the drug

Question 13

(T/F) As characteristics of infectious disease are more and more similar to the host cell, selective toxicity becomes easier to achieve

Answer 13

False, it becomes more difficult to achieve

Question 14

(T/F) Bacteria in biofilms behave differently when they are free-living

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The challenge of antielminthic drug therapy

Answer 15

Their physiology is much more similar to humans

Question 16

Probiotocis are

Answer 16

Live microorganisms fed to animals and humans to improve intestinal biota. Useful in the management of food allergies

Question 17

Superinfection

Answer 17

Microbes that were once small number overgrow

Question 18

Which is a broad spectrum, targets protein synthesis and discolors teeth?

Answer 18

Tetracycline

Question 19

Sulfonamides target ___

Answer 19

Folic acid synthesis

Question 20

This drug targets nucleic acids and can be used for bacterial and protozoan infections, and can also be used for the first episode of C.diff

Answer 20

Metronidazole

Question 21

Ceclor/ceclor are___ whose mode of action is to target the cell wall

Answer 21

Cephalosporin

Question 22

Which of the following choices targets the cell membrane

a. Polymixins
b. Cephalosporins
c. Aminoglucosides

Answer 22

Polymyxins

Question 23

Which of the following targets DNA?

a. Penicillin
b. ciproflaxin
c. polymyxins
d. Isoniazid

Answer 23

Ciproflaxin

Question 24

Which of the following is likely to be most toxic to patients.

a. Polymixins
b. Penicillin
c. Doxycycline
d. Metronidazole

Answer 24

Polymixins

Question 25

Which of the following terms refers to the use of a drug to PREVENT an imminent infection?

a. Using antimicrobials
b. Using a narrow spectrum drug
c. Prophylaxis
d. Conjugation

Answer 25

Prophylaxis

Question 26

Which of the following terms is the smallest concentration of a drug that visibly inhibits grow?

a. MIC
b. CDC
c. MAC
d. IBM

Answer 26

MIC

Question 27

Which of the following is the best therapeutic index?

a. 1.2
b. 2.1
c. 2.11
d. 3.2

Answer 27

3.2

Question 28

(t/f) A good choice of antibiotic drug would not be selectively toxic

Answer 28

False, selectively toxic is a good antibiotic drug choice

Question 29

Nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes are called

a. probiotics
b. prebiotics
c. postbiotics
d. fecal transplants

Answer 29

Prebiotics

Question 30

Penicilin g and v targets

Answer 30

Cell wall

Question 31

Cephalosporin targets

Answer 31

Cell wall

Question 32

Carbapenems target

Answer 32

Cell wall

Question 33

Vancomycin is used for

Answer 33

C.diff

Question 34

Macroslides, aminoglycosides and tetracyclines target

Answer 34

Protein synthesis