Chpt 14 Flashcards by Zamira Peralta

Disease caused by exposure to resins in poison ivy and poison oak

Contact dermitits

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___ inflammatory condition of the skin where sensitization occurs through ingestion,inhalation, and skin contact with allergens

Atopic dematitis/eczema

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Most serious form of immunodeficiency

Severe combined immunodeficiency

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Which statement is true about autoimmunity?
a. it involves misshapen antibodies
b. it refers to “automantic immunity”
c. it often manifets as type II,III, and IV hypersensitivities
d. It has an acute course and then usually resolves itself

It often manifests as type II,III, and IV hypersensitivities

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During immune complex disease, complex are deposited in ____ of epithelial tissues

Basement membranes

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__ Is clicking,bubbling or rattling sounds in the lungs

Rales

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Predominant consequences of ___ are recurrent, overwhelming infections with opportunistic microbes

Immunodeficiencies

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Xenograft

Tissue exchanged between individuals of a different species

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Substance that induce allergies in sensitive individuals

Allergens

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If symptoms of allergy are not caused by the direct action of allergen on tissues, then what is it caused by?

Sypmtoms of allergy is caused by the physiological effects of mast-cells-derived allergic mediators on target organs.

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What percent of the human population is positive for the Rh antigen?
a. 50%
b. 65%
c. 85%
d. 99%

85%

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To prevent an allergy

Avoid the allergen and practice desensitization

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Systemic,sometimes fatal,reaction that involves airway obstruction and circulatory collapse

Anaphylaxis

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Reduce pain by interfering with prostaglandis

Aspirin and acetaminophen

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Example of immune complex-mediated (III)

Systemic lupus erythematosus

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Autoimmune disease characterized by butterfly-shaped rash. All patients develop antibodies against organs, tissues, or intracellular materials

Systemic Lupus erythematosus

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Reverses constriction of airways and slows the release of allergic mediators

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

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Autoimmune disease that causes progressive debilitating damage, leads to scar tissue and joint destruction

Rheumatoid arthritirs

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Characterized by sudden respiratory and circulatory disruption that can be fatal within minutes due to airway blockage

Systemic anaphylaxis

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Type of hypersensitivity t-cell response

Type IV

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Example of immediate hypersensitivity(I)

Anaphylaxis

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____ involves:

production of IgG and IgM antibodies
activation of complements

Type III hypersensitivity

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MEDICAL MOMENT. Which cells of the immune system do you think are responsible for processing the antigen presented in a patch test?

The dendricitc cells

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Result of the sudden, massive release of chemicals into the tissues and blood, which act rapidly on target organs

Anaphylaxis/ anaphylactic shock

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What type of method of testing is skin testing?

In vivo method

\_\_\_ Respiratory disease characterized by episodes of impaired breathing due to severe bronchoconstriction

Asthma

Primary immunodeficiencies diseases are due to

often due to an inherited abnormality

Type I allergies can cause

Death

“Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis” causes prolonged bronchospasm and mucus secretion

Leukotriene

Newborns breastfed exclusively for the first 4 months have a higher risk of asthma and eczema (t/f)

False, have a lower risk

Exaggerated immune response that is manifested by inflammation

Allergy

Secondary disease

Acquired after birth

NCLEX1. During a visit to his physician, patient is asked about his allergies. The patient reports a generalized, raised rash following a dose of an intravenous antibiotic. This is an example of: a. Immediate hypersensitivity b. Antibody-mediated hypersensitivity c. Immune complex hypersensitivity d. Cell-mediated hypersensitivity e. Side effect

Immediate hypersensitiviy

Type of hypersensitivity "common" allergy and anaphylaxis

Type I

Type of hypersensitivity immune complex

Type III

Prevent symptoms of atopic allergy Bind to histamine receptors on target organs (benadryl)

Antihistamines

Isograft

Tissue from identical twins is used

\_\_\_ hypersensitivity involves ___ and degranulation of mast cells, but not all reactions involve this mechanism

Food allergy, IgE

What disease targets the bone marrow, and can be responsible for malfunction of humoral and cellular immunity

Cancers such as leukemia, plasma cell tumors, thymus tumors

What does radioallergosorbent (RAST) test measure? example of \_\_\_

Levels of IgE to specific antigens, example of In Vitro

Autoimmune disease of endocrine glands. Over-production of thyroid hormone and the symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Grave's disease

Primary disease

present at birth

Increased sensitivity to pain

Prostaglandis

Molecules that differ in the same species that are recognized by lymphocytes of the recipient

Alloantigens

What would be a type II hypersensitivity?

Transfusion reactions

NCLEX3. A patient receives a kidney transplantation from a nonrelated human donor. Which of the following would describe the tissue graft a. autograph b. allograft c. isograft d. xenograft

Allograft

NCLEX4. AIDS, an infection-induced immunodeficiency, affects a. T helper cells b. Antigen-presenting cells c. Red blood cells d. A nd B e. B and C

T helper cells and Antigen-presenting cells

To prevent hemolytic disease of the new born, ____ is used.

RhoGAM antiserum

19. Which disease would be most similar to AIDS in its pathology? a. X-linked agammaglobulinemia b. SCID c. ADA deficiency d. Myesthenia gravis

Myesthenia gravis

Which of the following is not an IgE- and/or mast-cell-mediated allergic condition? a. Asthma b. Food allergy c. Systemic lupus erythematosus d. Allergy to penicillin c. Eczema

Systemic lupus erythematosus

\_\_\_ and ____ are associated with certain types of passive immunization

Arthus reaction and serum sickness

What is more allergenic than carbohydrates,fats or nucleic acids?

Proteins

NCLEX2. Anaphylaxis is characterized by which of the following clinical manifestations? a. circulatory disruption b. swelling of lips, tongue, throat c. loss of consciousness d. skin wheal and erythema e. itching

Circulatory disruption Swelling of lips,tongue and throat Skin wheal and erythema

\_\_\_ is a generic term for allergic rhinitis

Hay fever

\_\_ complement-assisted destruction (lysis) of foreign cells by antibodies (IgG and IgM)

Type II hypersensitivity

Involved in the mechanism of pain and very potent pain stimulator

Bradykinin

1. Allergy and atopy might evolve in human populations that have had “sudden” decrease in: a. vaccinations b. exposure to vitamin D c. exposure to helminth infections d. intake of processed sugar

Exposoure to helminth infections

Examples of secondary immune deficiencies

Natural causes: stress pregnancy aging Immunosupressive agents: Irradiation Steroids

Autograft

Tissue transplanted from one site on an individual body to another site

Inhibit the activity of lymphocytes and reduce the production of IgE

Corticoseroids

Allograft

Exchanges between genetically different individuals belonging to the same species. (person to person)

Chronic local allergy such as hay fever or asthma

Atopy

\_\_ hypersensitivity to themselves, autoantibodies, T cels, or both mount an abnormal attack

autoimmune diseases

13. The hygiene hypothesis suggests that: a. there are still too many microorganisms in the body b. we may need more contact with antimicrobials during our maturation c. there are not enough microbes on farms d. we may need more contact with microbes during maturation

We may need more contact with microbes during maturation

**Involves primarily the T-cell branch of the immune system**

Type IV hypersensitivity; Cell-mediated (delayed) reactions

\_\_ This occurs when the **mother is Rh-** and the **unborn child is Rh+**

Placental sensitization

Most common food allergens come from

peanuts, fish, cow's milk, eggs, selfish, and soybeans

If a woman had a placental sensitization for a pregnancy, the new pregnancy with a Rh+ fetus can result in \_\_\_\_

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Which of the following is not a result Of an abnormal or undesirable immune function a. Asthma b. Anaphylaxis c. Contact dermatitis d. Fever e. Lupus

Fever

Allergy and autoimmunity

Hypersensitivity

Involves the reaction of soluble antigen with antibody, and deposition of resulting complexes in various tissues of the body.

Type III hypersensitivity

What is the role of mast cells and basophils in type I allergy?

Bind IgE and degranulate, releasing inflammatory cytokines.

7. Which substance is most likely to be allergenic? a. protein b. fat c. carbohydrate d. nucleic acid

Protein

Type of hypersensitivity IgG and IgM mediated cell damage

Type lI

Neuromuscular autoimmunity, autoantibodies bind to rceptors of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter required for muscle stimulation

Neuromuscular autoimmunity

Immune system is incompletely developed, suppressed or destroyed

Hyposensitivity or immunodeficiency.

Neuromuscular autoimmunity, paralyzing neuromuscular disease associated with lesions on the myelin sheath

Multiple sclerosis

To treat an allergy:

Take drugs that block the action of lymphocytes, mast cells, or chemical mediators

When is RhoGAM needed? a. Rh+ mother, Rh+ fetus b. Rh + mother, Rh - fetus c. Rh - mother, Rh - fetus d. Rh - mother, Rh + fetus

Rh - mother, Rh + fetus

Produces free-floating complexes that are deposited into tissues

Immune complex reaction

**Constricts** smooth muscle and causes **labored breathing and wheal-and-flare \_\_\_\_**

Histamine

**Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) does not prevent the action of prostaglandis (t/f)**

False, it helps

Allergen portals of entry

Inhalants, ingestants, injectants, contactans

Example of t-cell mediated (IV)

Contact dermatitis, graft rejection

Delivery by cesarean section and maternal history of allergy DOES NOT elevate childhood risk of allergy (t/f)

False. It does elevate childhood risk of allergy

T cells to attack and lyse insulin-producing beta cells

Type 1 diabetes

What is the most recognized infection-induced immunodeficiency?

AIDS

Example of antibody-mediated (II)

Blood group incompatibility

4. Molecular mimicry is when\_\_\_\_ on host cells resemble ______ on pathogens, causing the host to mount an immune response to host tissues a. antibodies b. markers c. antigens d. two of the above

Markers

The study of disease associated with the overactivity or underactivity of the immune response

Immunopathology

Effects complement those of histamine and bradykin

Serotonin

Genetic basis for atopy

Increased IgE is produced

Name some drug allergies

Antibiotics: penicillin Synthetic antimicrobials: sulfa drugs Contrast dye used in X rays

Chpt 14 Flashcards

(93 cards)