Chpt 16 Flashcards
Harbors a dense network of nerves, blood, vessels, and lymphatic vessels
Dermis
___ is the result of a separation of the epidermis and dermis due to friction, trauma or burns
Blister formation
Chiefly responsible for keeping the microbial count on the skin relatively low
Antimicrobial peptides
Toxic byproducts of fatty acid metabolism inhibit the growth of microorganisms not adapted to the skin environment.
Sebum
Low ph and high salt concentration defense of the skin.
Sweat
Enzyme found in sweat, tears and saliva
Lysozyme
Hundreds of species of microbes, except for some pathogens, inhabit the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers (t/f)
False, hundreds of species of microbes INCLUDING some well-known pathogens, inhabit the epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers.
___ causes MRSA
Staphylococcus aureus
Signs and symptoms of MRSA
Raised, red, tender localized lesions
Features pus and feels hot to the touch
Fever
Transmission of MRSA can happen by
Contaminants of all kinds of surfaces
Pathogenesis and virulence factors of MRSA
COAGULASE is a diagnostic species characteristic
Culture and diagnosis of MRSA
CATALASE distinguishes Staphylococci from Streptococci
Prevention and treatment of MRSA
Antimicrobial treatment should include more than one antibiotic
___ is a flat to slightly raised colored bumps
Maculopapular
Name two maculopapular rash diseases
Measles and rubella
___ is also known as rubeolla
Measles
Signs and symptoms of measles
Sore throat, dry cough, headache, conjuctivitis, lymphadenitis
This disease is characterized by a red, maculopapular EXANTHEM (widespread rash) that ERUPTS ON THE HEAD and progresses to the trunk and extremities
Measles
___ is a prodomal sign in measles
Koplik spots
Encephalis is a complication of ____
Measles
Subacute sclerosis panencephalitis is a complication in___
Measles. EVENTUALLY LEADS TO COMA AND DEATH
___ is one of the most contagious infectious diseases
Measles
Vaccine for measles is
MMR vaccine
___ also known as german measles.
-SERIOUS DAMAGE CAN OCCUR IN THE FETUS IN UTERO
Rubella
Rubella is ___ to the fetus.
Teratogenic. Infection in FIRST TRIMESTER can result in miscarriage or multiple permanent defects
Causative agent of rubella
Rubivirus; has the ability to stop mitosis
How to prevent rubella
MMR vaccine is given
“slapped cheek” is the sign of __
Fifth disease
___ is very contagious, presents as a mild case and is diagnosed by clinical presentation
Fifth disease
___ Is also known as “sixth disease”
Roseola
This disease is characterized by HIGH FEVER and IT APPEARS FIRST ON CHEST AND TRUNK
Roseola
This disease can remain latent in the host indefinitely after the disease has cleared
Roseola
____ can be caused by either Sthaphylococcus aureus or streptococcus pyogenes, or may be used by a mixture of the two
Impetigo
___ characterized by HONEY-COLORED CRUSTS
Impetigo
____ caused by infection in the dermis and in the subcutaneous tissues
Cellulitis
Lymphangitis and bacterimia is a sign of ___
Cellulitis. Bacterimia could develop but uncomplicated cellulitis has a good prognosis
___ is a dermolytic infection
-affects mostly newborns and babies.
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)
Bullous lesions is a sign of
SSSS
Vesicular or pustular rash diseases
Chicken pox
Small pox
Very common and mostly benign disease; also viral
Chicken pox
Even a single case constitutes a public health emergency; also viral
Small pox
Individual lesions that contain fluid
Pox
Signs and symptoms of ___
- RASH BEGINS ON SCALP,FACE AND TRUNK, it radiates in sparse crops to the extremities.
- lesion distribution is CENTRIPETAL
Chicken pox
___ skin lesions progress quickly from macules and papules to itchy vesicles filled with clear fluid
Chicken pox
Virus enters the sensory endings of dermatomes AFTER RECOVERY OF CHICKEN POX
Shingles
This disease can lead to POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA, involvement of cranial nerves which CAN LEAD TO EYE INFLAMMATION AND OCULAR AND FACIAL PARALYSIS.
Shingles
Vaccination for smallpox is still being given throughout the USA (t/f)
False, vaccination for smallpox has been discontinued when the disease was eradicated, but is offered to certain U.S populations.
___ PUSTULES FORM FILLED WITH THICK OPAQUE FLUID.
Cutaneous Anthrax (also septicemic, GI, meningitis, and pulmonary)
Papule that becomes necrotic and later ruptures to form a painless ____
BLACK ESCHAR. forms in cutaneous anthrax
Causative agent of cutaneous anthrax
Bacillus anthracis
__ is part of dermatophytes which are a group of fungi
-all conditions have names beginning in ‘tinea’
Rignworm
(t/f) Fungi invade deeper epidermal layers
False, fungi DO NOT disturb deeper epidermal layers
__ is also known as “the windshield of the eye”
Cornea
Tears consist of
Lysozyme and lactoferrin
What is the role of tears?
Prevents attachment of microorganisms to the eye surface
The surface of the eye has ___
Immune priviledge. This means inflammation does not occur in the eye as it does in the rest of the body
Which of the following is NOT a natural defense of the eye?
a. flushing action of tears
b. phagocytes
c. lysozyme
d. lactoferrin
e. mucus
Phagocytes
Defenses of the eye
Mucus in conjuntiva and in tears
Lysozyme and lactoferrin in tears
To a large extent the eye microbiome is different to the skin (t/f)
False, microbioma resembles the microbiome present on the skin
Bacterial infections of the eye produce ___
Milky discharge
Viral infections of the eye produce ____
Clear, watery exudate
Also known as “pink eye”
Conjunctivits
____ infections are caused by NEISSERIA GONORRHOAE and CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS. Transmitted ___ from genital tract infection to the mother.
Neonatal Eye infection. VERTICALLY
Only viral conjuctivitis is transmissible by direct contact and are usually highly contagious (t/f)
False, BOTH viral and bacterial conjuctivits are transmissible through direct contact and are highly contagious.
For conjuctivitis physicians may prescribe ___ antibiotic
Prophylactic
__ signs of invasion of deeper eye tissues and can lead to blindness
Keratitis
Acanthamoeba keratitis causes keratitis in ___
People who wear contacts
NCLEX1. A nurse specializing in burn care is educating nursing student about skin variations over the body.She states that the thickest skin is found on the ___ and the thinnest on the ___.
a. chest,cheeks
b. buttocks,nose
c. plantar of the foot,eyelids
d. abdomen,dorsum of hands
C
NCLEX2. A patient has been diagnosed with a MRSA infection in a skin wound. The nurse is entering the patient’s room to administer intravenous antibiotics.Which of the following should be worn upon entering room to prevent spread of MRSA?
a. gloves
b. gown and gloves
c. gown,gloves and mask
d. gown,gloves,mask and eye protection
D
NCLEX3. A patient has been diagnosed with impetigo but has been noncompliant with medical treatment. What complication is associated with untreated impetigo?
a. future antibiotic allergies
b. measles
c. increased likelihood of roseola
d. glomerulonephritis
e. septicimia
Glomerulonephritis.
- Which of the following infectious agents has evolved to maintain a persistent state in its hosts?
a. variola virus
b. herpes virus
c. vaccinia virus
d. staph aureus
Herpes virus
- What is an antimicrobial enzyme found in tears,sweat,and saliva that can break down bacteria walls?
a. lysozyme
b. beta-lactamase
c. catalase
d. hyaluronidase
Lysozyme
- Which of the following organisms produces a enzyme that breaks down hydrogen-peroxide?
a. strep pyogenes
b. staph aureus
c. MRSA
d. two of these
Two of these(staph and MRSA)
- Which of these techniques has detected the large number of normal microbiota on skin surfaces?
a. culturing
b. 165 rRNA sequencing
c. Antibody probing
d. gel electrophoresis
B
- Which of the following conditions is most likely to be a polymicrobial infection?
a. measles
b. rubella
c. leishmaniasis
d. impetigo
Impetigo
- Staph aureus is part of differential diagnosis of which of the following diseases?
a. impetigo
b. maculopapular rash
c. both
d. non
Impetigo and maculopapular rash
