Chp 7 - Motivation Flashcards
Meaning of Motivation
set of energetic forces that originates both within and outside an employee, initiates work-related effort, and determines its direction, intensity, and persistence.
What does engagement mean?
A contemporary synonym more or less for high levels of intensity and persistence in work effort.
Low level engagement is never contagious
False. Low level engagement can be contagious.
What is the Expectancy theory?
Describes the cognitive process that employees go through to make choices among different voluntary response
What three things does motivation determine
What employees do at a given moment
How hard an employee work
For how long the persistence of effort
What three beliefs help determine work effort, according to expectancy theory?
Expectancy
Instrumentality
Valence
What does Expectancy mean
Represents the belief that exerting a high level of effort will result in the successful performance of some task
What factor shape our expectancy?
Self efficacy
What does it mean to be self efficacy?
As the belief that a person has the capability’s needed to execute the behaviours required for success
What 4 factors do employee consider efficacy for a given task?
Past accomplishment
Vicarious Experience (Samiha experience)
Verbal Persuasion
Emotional cues
After considering the four factors what are the two branches
Analysis of task requirements
Assessment of personal and situational resources
What does this represents
“the belief that successful performance will result in some outcome”
Instrumentality (set of subjective probabilities that successful performance will bring set of outcome. )
what does valence reflect
reflects the anticipated value of the outcomes associated with performance
Example of positive and negative valence
Salary increase bonus
disciplinary actions, demotions, terminations
What is extrinsic motivation
motivation controlled by some contingency that depends on task performance.
What is intrinsic motivation
motivation felt when task performance serves as its own reward.
Define Goal setting theory
View goals as the primary driver of the intensity and persistence of effort.
The goals that are assigned to employee must be_____
Specific and difficult goals
When setting a difficult goal it is important to keep in mind what?
stretches to performa at their maximum level while staying within the boundaries of their ability
When assigning goals and if they are unable to change self set goal, Motivation and performance will not be affected
False. If assigned goals are unable to change internal goals, motivation and performance will be unaffected.
What are the 3 moderators of goal setting
Feedback
Task Complexity
Goal commitment
What three factors push toward task performance after self set goal
- Intensity of effort
- Persistence of effort
- Task Strategies
What does SMART stand for?
Smart
Measurable
Achievable
Results-based
Time sensitive
Tell me Equity theory
Acknowledge that motivation doesn’t just depend on your own beliefs and circumstances but also on what happens to other people
Equity theory argues that you compare your ratio of outcomes and inputs to the ration of some ___
Comparison other
According to equity theory, any imbalance in ratios triggers _____.
Equity distress (anger and envy)
Total outcome and input matter in equity.
False. Only ratio.
Cognitive distortion occurs when?
When your ratio is greater than others. Feel guilty or anxiety
What is the most powerful driver of citizenship behaviour?
Job equity
What type of comparison type is the most powerful drive for employee withdrawal?
Occupational equity
What type of comparison type is the most powerful drive for citzenship behaviour?
Job equity
what are the 5 types of equity
Job equity
Company equity
Occupational equity
Educational equity
Age equity
What does psychological empowerment mean?
Which reflects an energy rooted in the belief that work tasks contributed to some larger purpose.
Psychological empowerment represents a form of _______
intrinsic motivation
What 4 factors shape psychological empowerment
- Meaningfulness
- Self determination
- Competence
- Impact
What does this mean “Captures the value of work goal or purpose, relative to person own ideals and passions.
Meaningfulness
Reflects a sense of choice in the initiation and continuation of work task
Self determination.
(work on, structure and long to pursue)
What does competence mean
A persons belief in their capability to perform work task successfully. (pride and mastery)
What are the three types of Compensation plan?
Individual focused
Unit focused
Organization focused
What are 3 types of individual focused compensation
- Piece rate pay
- Merit pay
- Lump sum bonus
What is the one example of unit focused?
Gain sharing
What is the one example of organization focused
Profit sharing
What are the 5 process on how we stay motivated?
Expectancy
Goal setting
Equity
Psychological Empowerment
Job Characteristics (Job design as motivator)
