chp 25- study guide

Question 1

if the entire kidney is affected with multiple cycsts, the condition is referred to as a __ dysplastic kidney disorder.

Answer 1

multicystic

Question 2

urine-filled dilations of the renal pelvis and calyces associated with progressive atrophy of the kidney due to obstruction of urine outflow.

Answer 2

Hydronephrosis

Question 3

obstruction of the urinary track may provoke pain due to ___ of the collecting system and renal capsule.

Answer 3

distention

Question 4

the most common cause of upper urinary tract obstruction is __

Answer 4

calculi

Question 5

the major manifestation of kidney stones is __

Answer 5

pain

Question 6

urinary tract infections are the ___ most common type of bacterial infection seen by health care providers

Answer 6

2nd

Question 7

___-associated bacteriuria remains the most frequent cause of gram-negative septicemia in hospitalized patients.

Answer 7

catheter

Question 8

___ is the second leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, and it ranks third, after diabetes and hypertension, as a cause of chronic kidney disease in the US.

Answer 8

Glomerulonephritis

Question 9

Urinary tract infections cause __ and __ _____

Answer 9

acute and chronic pyelonephritis

Question 10

2nd most common bacterial infection

Answer 10

UTI’s.

caused by E.Coli (Pyelonephritis)

Question 11

The __ syndromes produce a proliferative inflammatory response, whereas the __ syndrome produces increased permeability of the glomerulus.

Answer 11

nephritic

nephrotic

Question 12

___ syndrome is characterized by sudden onset of hematuria, variable degrees of proteinuria, diminished glomerular filtration rate, oliguria, and signs of impaired renal function

Answer 12

Acute Nephritic

Question 13

you can classify kidney dieseases as:

Answer 13

nephritic or nephrotic

symptoms of the disease

Question 14

Nephritic syndrome is characterized by:

Answer 14

• decreased glomerular permeability*
• hematuria
• Decreased GFR

Question 15

Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by:

Answer 15

• Increased Glomerular Permeability*
• massive Proteinuria*
• Hypoalbumemia*
• Higher GFR*
• lipidemia

Question 16

The ___ of post-infectious glomerulonephritis is caused by infiltration of leukocytes, both neutrophils and monocytes; proliferation of endothelial and mesangial cells; and, in severe cases, formation of crescents.

Answer 16

Hypercellularity

Question 17

____ syndrome is an uncommon and aggressive form of glomerulonephritis that is caused by antibodies to the glomerular basement membrane

Answer 17

good pasture

Question 18

__ syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria and lipiduria, along with an associated hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema, and hyperlipidemia.

Answer 18

Nephrotic

Question 19

caused by thickening of the glomerular basement membrane due to deposition of immune complexes

Answer 19

membranous damage

Question 20

___ is a primary glomerulonephritis characterized by the presence of glomerular IgA immune complex deposits.

Answer 20

Berger Disease

Question 21

Proximal renal tubular acidosis involves a defect in proximal tubular reabsorption of ___

Answer 21

HCO3

Question 22

__ represents an upper urinary tract infection, specifically the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis.

Answer 22

Acute Pyelonpheritis

Question 23

kidney stone formation:

Answer 23

Nephrolithiasis

Question 24

staghorn kidney stones, or struvite stones, are usually located in the renal pelvis. These stones are made form what?

Answer 24

magnesium ammonium phosphate

Question 25

Acute pyelonephritis is an infection of the renal parenchyma and renal pelvis. What is the most common cause of acute pyelonephritis?

Answer 25

P. Aeuroginosa

Question 26

drug-related nephropathies occur all too often. They involve functional and/or structural changes to the kidney after exposure to a drug. What does the tolerance to drugs depend on?

Answer 26

state of hydration