Chapter 12- Study Guide Flashcards
The platelet shape is maintained by microtubules and __ and __ filaments that support the cell membrane.
Actin and myosin
The combined action of __ and __ lead to the expansion of the enlarging platelet aggregate, which becomes the primary Hemostatic plug
TXA2 and ADP
It has been suggested that some of these natural anticoagulants may play a role in the bleeding that occurs with ____
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
___ represents an exaggerated form of hemostasis that predisposes to thrombosis and blood vessel occlusion.
Hypercoagulability
___, elevated levels of blood lipids an cholesterol, hemodynamic stress, diabetes mellitus, and immune mechanisms may cause vessel damage, platelet adherence and eventually, thrombosis.
Smoking
The common clinical manifestations of essential ___ are thrombosis and hemorrhage
Thrombocytosis
In persons with inherited defects in factor V, the mutant factor Va cannot be inactivated by
Protein C
Secondary factors that lead to increased ____ and thrombosis are venous stasis due to prolonged bed rest and immobility, myocardial infarction, cancer, hyperestrogenic states, and oral contraceptives.
Coagulation
A reduction in platelet number is referred to as ___
Thrombocytopenia
____ may result from inherited disorders of adhesion or acquired defects caused by drugs, disease, or extracorporeal circulation.
Thrombocytopathia
Hemophilia A is an ___ recessive disorder that primarily affects males.
X linked
In liver disease, synthesis of the ___ is resided, and bleeding may result.
Clotting factors
Common clinical conditions that may cause ___ include obstetrical disorders, massive trauma, shock, sepsis and malignant disease.
DIC
Describes elevations in the platelet count above 1,000,000/uL
Thrombocytosis
Autoantibodies that result in increased coagulation activity
Antiphospholipid syndome
Thrombocyte precursor
Megakaryocytes
Converts prothrombin to thrombin
Factor X
Factor VIII deficiency
Hemophilia A
Heparin is an anticoagulant given by injection to prevent the formation of blood clots. How does heparin work?
Promotes the inactivation of clotting factors
The process of clot retraction squeezes serious from the clot, thereby joining the edges of the broken vessel. Through the action of actin and myosin, filaments in platelets contribute to clot retraction. Failure of clot retraction is indicative of what?
A low platelet count
Thrombocytosis is used to describe elevations in the platelet count above 1,000,000/uL. It is either a primary or a secondary thrombocytosis. Secondary thrombocytosis can occur as a reactive process due to what?
Absence of facto Xa
A teenage girl, seen in the clinic, is diagnosed with nonthrombocytopenic purpura. The girl states, “you have taken a lot fo blood form me. Which of my tests came back abnormal?” How should the nurse respond?
Your CBC with differential showed a normal platelet count.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a grave coagulopathy resulting form the overstimulation of clotting and anticlotting processes in response to what?
Disease or injury
The coagulation cascade is the third component of the hemostatic process. The other two are:
Vessel spasm
Platelet aggregation
Which is a natural mucopolysaccharide anticoagulant that occurs in the lungs and intestinal mucosa?
Heparin
Surfactant
In a client with DIC, microemboli form, causing obstruction of blood vessels and tissue hypoxia. Common clinical signs may be due to what?
Circulatory failure
Renal failure
Respiratory failure
