Chapter 12- Study Guide

Question 1

The platelet shape is maintained by microtubules and __ and __ filaments that support the cell membrane.

Answer 1

Actin and myosin

Question 2

The combined action of __ and __ lead to the expansion of the enlarging platelet aggregate, which becomes the primary Hemostatic plug

Answer 2

TXA2 and ADP

Question 3

It has been suggested that some of these natural anticoagulants may play a role in the bleeding that occurs with ____

Answer 3

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Question 4

___ represents an exaggerated form of hemostasis that predisposes to thrombosis and blood vessel occlusion.

Answer 4

Hypercoagulability

Question 5

___, elevated levels of blood lipids an cholesterol, hemodynamic stress, diabetes mellitus, and immune mechanisms may cause vessel damage, platelet adherence and eventually, thrombosis.

Answer 5

Smoking

Question 6

The common clinical manifestations of essential ___ are thrombosis and hemorrhage

Answer 6

Thrombocytosis

Question 7

In persons with inherited defects in factor V, the mutant factor Va cannot be inactivated by

Answer 7

Protein C

Question 8

Secondary factors that lead to increased ____ and thrombosis are venous stasis due to prolonged bed rest and immobility, myocardial infarction, cancer, hyperestrogenic states, and oral contraceptives.

Answer 8

Coagulation

Question 9

A reduction in platelet number is referred to as ___

Answer 9

Thrombocytopenia

Question 10

____ may result from inherited disorders of adhesion or acquired defects caused by drugs, disease, or extracorporeal circulation.

Answer 10

Thrombocytopathia

Question 11

Hemophilia A is an ___ recessive disorder that primarily affects males.

Answer 11

X linked

Question 12

In liver disease, synthesis of the ___ is resided, and bleeding may result.

Answer 12

Clotting factors

Question 13

Common clinical conditions that may cause ___ include obstetrical disorders, massive trauma, shock, sepsis and malignant disease.

Answer 13

DIC

Question 14

Describes elevations in the platelet count above 1,000,000/uL

Answer 14

Thrombocytosis

Question 15

Autoantibodies that result in increased coagulation activity

Answer 15

Antiphospholipid syndome

Question 16

Thrombocyte precursor

Answer 16

Megakaryocytes

Question 17

Converts prothrombin to thrombin

Answer 17

Factor X

Question 18

Factor VIII deficiency

Answer 18

Hemophilia A

Question 19

Heparin is an anticoagulant given by injection to prevent the formation of blood clots. How does heparin work?

Answer 19

Promotes the inactivation of clotting factors

Question 20

The process of clot retraction squeezes serious from the clot, thereby joining the edges of the broken vessel. Through the action of actin and myosin, filaments in platelets contribute to clot retraction. Failure of clot retraction is indicative of what?

Answer 20

A low platelet count

Question 21

Thrombocytosis is used to describe elevations in the platelet count above 1,000,000/uL. It is either a primary or a secondary thrombocytosis. Secondary thrombocytosis can occur as a reactive process due to what?

Answer 21

Absence of facto Xa

Question 22

A teenage girl, seen in the clinic, is diagnosed with nonthrombocytopenic purpura. The girl states, “you have taken a lot fo blood form me. Which of my tests came back abnormal?” How should the nurse respond?

Answer 22

Your CBC with differential showed a normal platelet count.

Question 23

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a grave coagulopathy resulting form the overstimulation of clotting and anticlotting processes in response to what?

Answer 23

Disease or injury

Question 24

The coagulation cascade is the third component of the hemostatic process. The other two are:

Answer 24

Vessel spasm

Platelet aggregation

Question 25

Which is a natural mucopolysaccharide anticoagulant that occurs in the lungs and intestinal mucosa?

Answer 25

Heparin

Surfactant

Question 26

In a client with DIC, microemboli form, causing obstruction of blood vessels and tissue hypoxia. Common clinical signs may be due to what?

Answer 26

Circulatory failure
Renal failure
Respiratory failure