CHP. 2 - Neural Basis of Cognition Flashcards
Capgras Syndrome
False belief that an identical duplicate has replaced someone significant (ex. spouse)
* emotional appraisal is disrupted
* Damage to amygdala & frontal lobe
Fusiform gyrus
Key structure for high-level vision
* face perception
* object recognition
* reading
Hindbrain function
Life-sustaining functions
* posture & balance
* alertness
Cerebellum
Coordinates movement & balance
* sensory & cognitive roles
Midbrain functions
- Coordinating precise eye movement
- Motor coordination
- Relaying auditory info from ears to forebrain
- Regulating pain
Sulci
shallow grooves in brain
Gyri
thick folds in brain
Fissures
Deep grooves in brain
Longitudnal Fissure
Separates cerebral hemispheres (left & right)
Frontal lobe functions
- Proper judgement
- Understanding language
- Voluntary movements
- Emotional expression
Temporal lobe functions
- Speech production/comprehension
- Language recognition
- Object recognition
Parietal lobes function
- 5 senses (sight, taste, smell, hearing, touch)
Occipital lobe function
- Assessing distance, size, & depth
- Mapping of visual world
- Color properties
Primary motor projection areas
Signals muscle movements
* Located in motor cortex
Somatosensory area
Skin sensations
Primary auditory cortex
Auditory sensations
Primary visual cortex
Visual sensations
Apraxia
Problems with initiating or organizing voluntary tasks/movements
Agnosia
Problems identifying familiar objects
* Can affect any of the senses (ex. visual agnosia, auditory agnosia, etc.)
Unilateral neglect syndrome
Problems in which half the visual world is ignored
Aphasia
Problems with language
Thalamus
Sensory relay station
Hypothalamus
Regulates homeostasis & biological needs
Limbic system
“Emotion center”
* Emotion
* Memory
* Pleasure & reward
Amygdala
Threat detection/fear
* Consolidation of emotional memories
Hippocampus
Long-term memory formation & retrieval
Contralateral processing
Left brain receives sensory info from & controls motor signals on right side of the body (& vice versa)
CT scan
Structure only
* X-rays
MRI scan
Movement of water molecules
* Structure only
PET scan
Radioactive isotopes
* Indirect function (but delayed)
fMRI scans
Movement of water molecules & blood-oxygen level-dependent response
* Indirect function
EEG scans
Very fast
* Used to observe sleep & seizures
* Safest
