CHP. 11 - Visualization Flashcards
Visualization
a mental practice of imagining/meditating
* more purposeful
* “top-down
Mental imagery
internally generated conscious experiences
* more incidental
* “bottom-up”
* “seeing in the mind’s eye
Chronometric studies
using timing to see how you spend thinking about problems
* shorter time = more detailed mental imagery representation
* not focused on reaction times
Mental images as “picture-like”
type of info we’re given can influence answers
ex. Kosslyn 1976
* given full pic of cat = answered “head” faster than “claws”
* given the words related to a cat = answered “claws” faster than “head”
Image-scanning procedure
measured the time it took for a participant to draw a distance line (mentally navigate space)
* the further the distance, the longer the RT
Demand characteristics
cues in an experiment that might signal to participants how they are espected or “supposed to” behave
ex. Hans the horse (could “do” math)
Mental rotation tasks
Higher degrees of rotation take longer to solve
ex. Ikea furniture instructions (all pics, non-verbal)
Imagery & perception
visualizing & perceiving rely on similar mechanisms
* perception is facilitated if the stimulus had been imagined berforehand
Aphantasia
an inability to form mental pictures
* a characteristic, not a disorder
Visual imagery vs. spatial imagery
damage to one region doesn’t interfere with other
choice between visual & spatial imagery will be influenced by
* task
* personal preference
* individual ability
Percepts
mental representations of the perceived stimulus
* Depictions (like pics) that represent 3D layout
* Unambigious, organized depictions (unlike pics)
Dual coding
imageable materials can be coded verbally and as an image
- imagery provides mempry
Boundary extension
pics are often remembered as having depicted more info than they did
* experience of pic is remembered rather than pic itself (expectations & semantic knowledge)
