Chp 14 Flashcards
Organization increases speaking effectiveness for 4 reasons
1) ppl like structure
2) easier to grasp connections
3) persuasive
4) credibility
To increase listeners comprehension and retention, speakers should do what 4 things
1) use simple sentences
2) provide signposts
3) highlight organization
4) repeat key idea
Good speeches follow the form of…
Telling listeners what you’re going to tell them, presenting your message, reminding them of your main points
(Intro, body, conclusion)
Oral communication….
1) requires explicit organization
2) benefits from redundancy
3) relies less on complex sentences
Name the 3 kinds of outlines
1) working
2) formal
3) key word
A sketch of main ideas and their relationship; used by and intended only for the speaker
Working outline
A complete outline of a speech, including the parts of a speech, main points, supporting material, transitions, and citations for sources
Formal outline
An abbreviated speaking outline that includes only key words that trigger the speakers memory of the full point
Key word outline
Temporal pattern
Time and chronological pattern
Spatial pattern
Organizes ideas according to physical relationships (system)
Topical pattern
Orders presentation into several categories
Star pattern
A variation on the topical structure (speaker might start with different points and give more or less attention to other points)
Comparative pattern
Compares 2 or more things
Problem solution pattern
Divides a topic into 2 areas: a problem and a solution
Cause and effect pattern
Used to argue a direct relationship between 2 things
A good intro accomplishes 4 goals
1) captures listeners attentions
2) presents clear thesis
3) enhances credibility
4) previews how speech will be developed
Anxiety associated with speaking
Communication apprehension
2 types of communication apprehension
1) situational
2) chronic
Name 2 ways to manage communication apprehension
1) remember anxiety is natural and often helpful in a speech
2) positive self talk
A technique of reducing speaking anxiety; a person visualizes herself or himself communicating effectively in progressively challenging speaking situations
Positive visualization
The visual, vocal, and verbal aspects of the delivery of a public speech
Oral style
3 qualities of oral style
1) informal
2) personal
3) immediate
Public speaking that involves little preparation. Speakers think on their feet as they talk about ideas and positions with which they are familiar
Impromptu speaking
A presentational style that includes preparation and practice but not memorization of words and nonverbal behaviors
Extemporaneas speaking
