China and India Flashcards
Identify Sun Yizian and his Three Principles of the People
- Sun Yixian, leader of the Kuomintang (Nationalist Party)
- Sun set in motion a move towards modern govt. with his “Three Principles of the People”
Nationalism
Democracy
Socialism
Following General Yuan Shikai’s death, China was ruled by?
Territories ruled by warlords and military leaders
What did China want to gain from helping the Allies in WWI? Did they get it?
-China helped the Allies in hopes they would return Chinese territories back to China - Treaty of Versailles gave territories to Japan - citizens outraged; staged a demonstration
Identify Mao Zedong
Leader of the Communist Party of China, and eventually, the leader of China
Why did the Communist Party and Nationalist Party unite? What did they work towards?
Communists and Nationalists Party worked together to fight the warlords and gain control of China.
What USSR leader supported the Chinese
Lenin
Describe Jiang Jieshi’s views on China having a Socialist Economy and what they caused.
Jiang and friends did not want a socialist economy (would lose wealth), so Jiang turned on the Communists, killing many members of the Chinese Communist Party. Nationalist Party and Communist Party separated.
Mao Zedong used what type of warfare?
Mao Zedong recruited peasants to fight in his Red Army and trained them in guerrilla warfare.
Explain the causes of the Long March and describe it?
- Civil War in China between Nationalists and Communists. Jiang and 700,000 soldiers surrounded the Communists’ force of almost 100,000.
- Communists escaped in what is known as the Long March: over 6,000 mile journey that took about a year; barely stayed ahead of Jiang’s forces; thousands died from hunger, cold, and battle wounds; only 7-8 thousand survived the trip.
Why did the Nationalists and Communists join forces again?
During the civil war, Japan invaded China, so the Communists and Nationalists had to join forces to fight the Japanese invasion of Manchuria - civil war stops for a time.
What did Indians hope to gain by helping GB in WW1? Did they get it?
Many Indians fought for GB in WW1 because GB promised reforms to allow self-rule (independence) in India, but did not follow through after the war.
Why did GB pass the Rowlatt Acts?
Radical nationalists carried out violent acts to show hatred of GB, so GB passed Rowlatt Acts - Govt. could now imprison Indians without a trial.
Explain the Amristar Massacre
10,000 Indians gathered to protest the Rowlatt Acts by fasting, praying, and listening to political speeches. GB had outlawed public gatherings, so they shot at the protesters. About 400 killed and 1200 injured. Indians outraged - millions became nationalists.
Identify Mohandas Gandhi
Gandhi led the independence movement of India using nonviolent forms of protest known as civil disobedience.
Explain civil disobedience and be able to give examples.
A deliberate and public refusal to obey a law considered unjust. Examples: boycotts, marches. Specifically, the boycott of British cloth and the Salt March.
