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ASI > Chile + Argentina > Flashcards

Chile + Argentina Flashcards

1
Q

Chile is wedged between which 2 natural boundaries?

A
  • Pacific Ocean to the west

- Andes Mountains to the east

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2
Q

when did viticulture first arrive in Chile?

who brought it there?

A
  • mid-1500s (16th century)

- brought to Chile by Spaniards

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3
Q

how long is Chile?

A

2,670 miles long

± 4300 km

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4
Q

how wide is Chile?

A

at its widest point, just about 100 miles wide

± 160 km wide (1 mile = 1.6 km)

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5
Q

what is the name of the ocean current that cools down Chile?

A

Humboldt Current

It ushers in cool, moist air + fog

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6
Q

what is the name of the desert at the northern end of Chile?

A

Atacama Desert

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7
Q

what is the name of the mountain range that creates a rain shadow in Chile?

A

Coastal Range

Same name as the range in the Pacific Northwest!

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8
Q

thanks to the rain shadow from Chile’s coastal range, what is the climate for the wine growing areas between the coastal range and the andes?

A

warm mediterranean

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9
Q

does the climate in Chile become hotter or cooler as you move further south?

A

cooler

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10
Q

in chile, where are vineyards planted?:

a. valley floors
b. foothills/ hillsides
c. high elevation
d. all of the above

A

all of those areas.

The wines’ expressions, colour, and intensity will vary from all of these sites.

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11
Q

in the 19th century, the majority of the vines that were planted in Chile came from…..

A

bordeaux

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12
Q

what are the 2 main white grapes in Chile?

A
  1. chardonnay
  2. sauvignon blanc

white grapes account for only 25% of all plantings in Chile

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13
Q

what are the 3 main red grapes in Chile?

A
  1. cabernet sauvignon
  2. merlot
  3. carmenere
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14
Q

for a long time, many thought that the carmenere planted in Chile was this other grape.

A

merlot

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15
Q

what vineyard pest does not exist in Chile?

why?

A

phylloxera
phylloxera does not exist in Chile thanks to:
- Chile’s geographical isolation
- Chile’s strict agricultural quarantine laws

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16
Q

where does Chile’s irrigation water come from?

A

andes snowmelt

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17
Q

what wine laws (or appellation system) does Chile use?

A

DO (Denominación de Origen)

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18
Q

are hybrids allowed to use the DO System in Chile?

A

no, only Vitis vinifera

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19
Q

what are the 6 regional DOs in Chile from north to south?

A
  1. Atacama
  2. Coquimbo
  3. Aconcagua
  4. Valle Central
  5. Sur
  6. Austral
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20
Q

of Chile’s 6 DOs, which 2 are most important?

A
  1. Aconcagua DO
  2. Valle Central DO

both have noteworthy subregions nested within them

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21
Q

if a bottle of chilean wine has one of the 6 DOs listed on the label as its DO, what minimum percent of the wine must come from that DO?

A

75%

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22
Q

If a bottle of Chilean wine has a grape listed on the label, the wine must be what minimum percent of that stated grape?

A

75%

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23
Q

If a bottle of chilean wine has a vintage listed on the label, the wine must be what minimum precent of that stated vintage?

A

75%

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24
Q

Even though Chile subscribes to the 75% minimum rule for stated grape, vintage, and DO, what minimum do they actually follow?

A

Chile exceeds that minimum and follows the EU’s 85% rule for stated grape, vintage and DO.

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25
Q

what are the nested subregional DOs of Aconcagua?

A
  1. Casablanca Valley DO
  2. San Antonia DO

Note that Aconcagua DO also has the nested, subregional Aconcagua Valley DO

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26
Q

Casablanca Valley DO and San Antonia Valley DO share the same climate.
What is the climate?
Where are they located (near or far from the coast)?

A

Cool maritime, very near the coast and west of the Coastal Range

27
Q

what are the main grapes, both red and white, of Casablanca Valley DO and San Antonio Valley DO?

A
  1. chardonnay
  2. sauvignon blanc
  3. pinot noir
28
Q

valle central DO in Chile is located between two mountain ranges: the … to the east and the … to the west

A

Andes Mountains to the east

Coastal Mountains to the west

29
Q

Valle Central makes what percent of Chile’s overall wine production?

A

80%

Most of it is everyday table wine

30
Q

what is the climate of Valle Central?

A

warm - hot

31
Q

is valle central better known for white grapes or red grapes?
What are the grapes?

A

Red grapes:

  • cabernet sauvignon
  • merlot
  • Carmenere
32
Q

what are the 4 DOs of valle central from north to south?

A
  1. Maipo Valley DO
  2. Rapel DO
  3. Curicó DO
  4. Maule DO
33
Q

what is valle central’s most important subregion?

A

Maipo Valley DO

34
Q

what grape is Maipo Valley DO best known for?

A

cabernet sauvignon

35
Q

which South American country is the largest in terms of wine production?
Hint: it’s also the 5th largest producer in the world

A

argentina

36
Q

when were vineyards in Argentina revived, and by whom?

A
  • late 1800s
  • By Italian and Spanish immigrants who were fleeing their European countries from famine; they brought their traditions of winemaking (and vine cuttings!) from their homelands
37
Q

which South American country is on the eastern side of the andes

A

argentina

38
Q

the andes mountains create a … … for Argentina, making the wine regions on the eastern side very warm, dry , and sunny

A

rain shadow

39
Q

the rain shadow Argentina experiences frost he andes means that it’s a very warm and dry region. because of this warmth, where is the best place for grapes to grow?

A

high altitudes so the grapes can benefit from cool nights (diurnal shifts)

40
Q

what is the average altitude at which grapes are grown in Argentina?

A

3000 ft asl (915 meters)

41
Q

what is the white grape Argentina is known for?

What’s it like?

A
  • torrontés

- intensely fragrant and floral

42
Q

what are the 4 red grapes of Argentina?

A
  1. malbec
  2. bonarda
  3. cabernet sauvignon
  4. syrah
43
Q

why don’t Argentina’s vineyards suffer from fungal disease?

A

because Argentina is in a rain shadow which keeps vineyards dry and low in humidity

44
Q

because Argentina is in a rain shadow, it doesn’t get a lot of rain.
Is Argentina allowed to irrigate, and if so, from where do they source the irrigation water?

A
  • irrigation is necessary in argentina

- snowmelt from the andes

45
Q

what irrigation systems are used to irrigate the vineyards in Mendoza IG?

A
  1. flood irrigation (aka furrow irrigation)

2. drip irrigation

46
Q

what is the Zonda?

What can it do?

A
  • a strong wind that blows down from the andes into Argentina in the lat spring / early summer;
  • can adversely affect the flowering stage in a vine’s annual cycle by blowing off flowers (which means a smaller crop yield at harvest)
47
Q

what is a weather hazard in Argentina?

A

summertime hail, which can destroy berries and perforate leaves making them unable to photosynthesize

48
Q

what wine laws are used to demarcate regions in Argentina?

A
  • IG (Indicaciones Geográficas)

- DOC (Denominacíon de Origen Controlada)

49
Q

What do the IGs and DOCs demarcate in Argentina?

A 
IGs = wine growing areas that are delimited by geographical or political boundaries
DOCs = wine growing areas that grow specific grapes, practice particular viticultural methods, and have specific ageing requirements.

Basically, the DOC is more strict and focused than the IG system

50
Q

name 3 important IGs in Argentina

A
  1. Salta IG
  2. Mendoza IG
  3. Patagonia IG
51
Q

what is the important subregion of Salta IG?

A

Cafayate Ig

52
Q

salta IG is argentina’s most … region

a. northern
b. southern
c. western

A

a. norhternmost

53
Q

what is the climate of salta IG?

Where are grapes grown in Salta?

A

overall it’s a warm climate, but grapes ar grown at high elevations so they can benefit from cooler air.

54
Q

salta IG’s vineyards are known for being some of the … est … in the world

A

highest elevation

some are planted at nearly 10,000ft asl

55
Q

what are the grapes that grown in Salta IG?

A

Torrontes

malbec

56
Q

what is the climate of Mendoza IG?

A

super dry and continental

the vineyards elevations plays a role, though, in temperatures and diurnal shifts

57
Q

what is the main red grape of Mendoza IG?

A

malbec

58
Q

which IG of Argentina is the largest viticultural region?

A

Mendoza IG

59
Q

at what elevations are most vines in Mendoza IG planted?

A

2,000 - 4,000 ft asl

60
Q

what are Mendoza IG’s important subregions?

A
  1. Luján de Cuyo DOC

2. Uco Valley IG

61
Q

Patagonia IG is Argentina’s most …. region

a. northern
b. southern
c. western

A

b. southernmost

62
Q

what are the grapes grown in Patagonia IG?

A
  1. torrontes
  2. malbec
  3. cabernet sauvignon
  4. pinot noir
63
Q

why is elevation so important for viticulture in Argentina?

A

Because Argentina’s wine regions are so warm, sunny, and arid, if the vineyards were on the valley floor they’d just sunbaked.

! Planting the vineyards at higher elevations helps with maintaining freshness in the grapes and slows their development overnight

ASI (35 decks)

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