ASI 2.0 Flashcards
1
Q
What is Il Falcone and where is it made?
A
one of the most prestigious wines of Puglia.
Made by Rivera in the Castel del Monte DOC.
Blend of mostly Nero di Troja blended with Montepulciano
2
Q
what is torcolato?
where is it made?
A
Dessert wine made from dried Vespaiola, Garganega, and Friulano grapes that have been hung in a corkscrew fashion.
Produced in the Breganze DOC
Aged for a year in small barrels and then an additional 6 months in bottle.
3
Q
what is Saporavy
A
acidic teinturier grape of Georgia used to make some of the country’s finest wines.
4
Q
what is grande vidure
A
bordeaux synonym for carmenere
5
Q
what is eutypa dieback?
A
fungal disease caused by the Eutypa late fungus common in the Mediterranean climates.
Stunts shoot growth in vines and may kill an entire cane. effects yields but not the quality of fruit
6
Q
where is the warlike slope located
A
located in Washington along the Columbia river with the saddle mountains on the north
7
Q
what are port tongs used for
A
opening a bottle of port around the neck under the cork so that the cork is removed uncomprrimised along with the glass around it.
8
Q
what is saigne
A
process used in red wine making to increase the skin to juice ratio for improved extraction.
creates rose in the process
9
Q
what are the satellites of st. emillion
A
Lussac st-emilion
montagne st-emilion
puisseguin st-emilion
Saint George st-emilion
10
Q
what are two producers of single malt scotch in the following regions? Islay, Speyside, Campbeltown
A
islay: Ardbeg / Laphroaig
Speyside: balveine / Glenfiddich / Cragganmore
Campbeltown: springbank / glen Scotia / glengyle
11
Q
what are 5 villages of cotes du rhone
A
chusclan plan de dieu puymeras valreas visan
12
Q
what are 5 premier crus of volnay
A
taillepieds champans fremiets caillerets clos des ducs
13
Q
what are 3 premier crus of flagey-echezeaux
A
les rouges
en orveaux
beaux monts
14
Q
what are 5 premier crus in Santennay
A
les gravieres clos de tavannes clos rousseau la comme passetemps
15
Q
what is ausbruch
A
quality level of pradikatswein in Austria. Ausbruch literally translates to “break out” and may also refer to the dessert wine specialty produced around the town of ?Rust and the Neusiedlersee lake from botrytized grapes harvested at 30 KMW / 156 Ochsle (same as TBA).
Botrytized must is mixed with fresher unbotrytized must in the style of Tokaji
16
Q
what are 3 districts of penedes
A
Baix-penedes
medio-penedes
alt-penedes
17
Q
what are 5 AVAs of the Sierra Foothills from North to South?
A
Yuba El Dorado Fair Play Amador Calaveras
18
Q
where would you find the côte de Sezanne
A
in champagne south and west of the Côtes des Blancs
19
Q
where would you find wines produced from schava and how would you describe them?
A
best examples come from the ALTO ADIGE region of Italy though it’s produced in germany as Trollinger and Black Hamburg in England.
Light-bodied and red fruited similar to Pinot noir, but more floral and smells like cotton candy and potpurri
20
Q
what are 5 producers of quality sherry
A
valdespino Emilio hidalgo gonzales byass equipo navazos lustau
21
Q
what is one district of the Breede River Valley Region?
A
robertson
worcester
breedekloof
22
Q
describe the wines of the grignan-les-adhemar AOP
A
blend of mediterranean grapes, but must include Grenache and syrah at min 10%.
Secondary varietal include Mourvèdre, Cinsault, and Carignan.
Full bodied, bold, spicy, black fruited
23
Q
where would you find the Okanagan valley
A
british columbia
24
Q
what are the 6 permitted grape varieties for Crémant d’Alsace
A
chardonnay pinot noir pinto blanc auxerois riesling pinot gris
25
what is the smalles anbaugebiete in germany ? largest?
Sachsen is the smallest
| rheinhessen is the largest
26
what are the AOPs of Calvados
calvados domfrontais
Calvados Pays d'Auge
calvados
27
what is the Cima Corgo?
It is one of three subzones of Douro DOP
| The other two are Baixo, Corgo, and Douro Superior
28
What are the 3 subzones of D?ouro DOP from west to east?
Baixo Corgo
Cima Corgo
Douro Superior
29
where is the cotes de duras? what styles of wine are made there?
located in southwestern france and bound by cotes du marmandais to the southeast bergerac to the east and monbazillac to the northeast.
still sweet and dry white wine, rose and red
30
what are the 5 classifications of sherry before going to solera?
```
palma
palma cotada
palo cortado
raya
dos rayas
```
31
what are the 6 viticultural regions in Chile from north to south
```
atacama
coquimbo
aconcagua
central valley
sur
austral
```
32
what is maceration pelliculaire
pre fermentation skin contact common for the production of white and rose wine to retain aromatics and flavour from the skins that would otherwise be lost.
33
what are 5 producers in the stags leap ava
```
clos du val
shafer
steltzner
chimney rock
stag's leap wine cellars
```
34
where does the sediment in old wine come from
over time tannin molecules polymerise band become so heavy that they fall out of solution as sediment
sediment can also come from wines that have been unfixed and unfiltered
35
what is a mash tun
vessel, usually stainless steel wherein the wort, or sugar-rich liquid that is to be fermented into beer is boiled for the purposes of stabilisation through evaporation of excess water and the introduction of hops which contribute antiseptic and preservative properties.
36
what is pigeage
the breaking up and punching down of a rising cap in the production of wines that are fermented with their skins
37
what is remontage
French word for the act of pumping fermenting must over the cap of a fermenting must with grapes skins for the purpose of aerating the wine and wetting down the cap to prevent the cap from drying out
38
what is métavage
French term for sharecropping in which a vine grower or vigneron rents vines or a part of a vineyard an pays rent in the form of wine or grapes
39
what are 7 communes of production for st. veran
```
saint-verand
solutré-pouilly
chasselas
saint-amour-bellevue
chânes
leynes
prissé
```
40
what is the colour, style, and sweetness levels for the most famous wine of the regions Sussex and toro
sussex: dry, sparkling, white
toro: dry still Bianco, dry still rosado, dry still tinto
41
where is La Crau
Châteauneuf du pape
42
in what two countries has Chartreuse been produced? during production in Spain, what city is labeled on Chartreuse bottles?
france and spain
43
what is Braulio and what country is it from?
Amaro created in Valtellina, Italy
44
What does Genshu mean?
this term indicates that sake has not been diluted for the purpose of lowering alcoholic strength.
45
what does Tokubetsu mean?
tokubetsu means "special". as to indicate a special version of either special junmaj or special honjozo
46
what are the VQA Regions of Ontario? Which is furthest north?
```
Vancouver Island GI
Gulf Islands GI
Similkameen Valley GI
Fraser Valley GI
Okanagan Valley GI (northern most)
British Columbia GI
```
47
in a rick house, why are whiskies aged in higher portions typically spicier? give two examples
because of the higher temperatures there's more extraction and thus gives whiskies that are spicier .
48
what wines are made in the Coteaux du Lyonnais? Where is it located?
Dry still and nouveau rouge and rosé from Gamay
Dry still and nouveau blanc from Chardonnay, aligoté and pinot blanc
Region is located west of Lyon on the slopes of the Monts du Lyonnais
49
what is PLC? What is its purpose?
Plafond Limité de Classement
It is an allowance within the French AOC that allows producers to exceed the official maximum limit on yields by as much as 20% in warm weather years
50
what is the AOP of Chateau de Bachen? Grapes for red? Grapes for white?
Tursan AOP
Cabernet franc and Tannat for red
Baroque and Gros Manseng for white
51
What are the 4 AOPs from N-S that border Entre-deux-mers AOP? Which three are an apart of Southwest France? Which is the oldest?
```
Bergerac (SW)
Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux
Cote de Duras (SW)
Cotes du Marmandais (SW)
Bergerac is the oldest (1936)
```
52
what is the southernmost region in the Southwest France?
Irouléguy
53
What AOP shares the same geography as Madiran AOP? What styles are produced in both?
Pacherenc du Vic-Bihl
Madiran: Rouge from Cabernet Franc and Tannat
Pacherenc du Vic-Buhl: sweet blanc and blanc sec fro n60-80% Corbu, Petit Corbu, Gros Manseng, and Petit Manseng
54
in what department would you find the Corbières AOP?
Aude
55
What AOP is the western extension of Minerva's AOP? What are the grape requirements there?
Cabardès AOP
Min 40% combined Cabernet franc, cabernet sauvignon, and merlot
Min 40% Grenache and syrah
Cot, Cinsault and Fer allowed
56
Val d'Orbeau, Domain de L'Hortus, Mas Julien and St. Martin de la Garrigue are located in what AOP?
Languedoc AOP
57
these two southernmost AOPs in france share the same geography. What is the difference?
Banyuls AOP and Collioure AOP.
| Banyuls is for fortified wine and Collioure is for the unfortified wines produced here
58
what is the name of the small AOP above Nice?
bellet AOP
59
what is the name of the AOP at the center of Provence that is named for the department?
coteaux Varois en Provence AOP
60
the vin rouge from this AOP must contain a min 50% mourvedre
Bandol AOP
61
What hilltop village in Provence making high quality rouge and rosé received its own AOP in 1995? When were white wines added as a style for this AOP?
Les Baux de Provence
| whites added in 2011
62
chateau simone covers 3/4 of this AOP just east of Aix en Provence?
Palette AOP
63
Domaine du Bagnol and clos ste Madeleine make wine in which AOP?
Cassis AOP
64
what are the largest and smalles grand crus of Geverey-Chambertin?
Mazovères (smallest)
| Charmes-Chambertin (largest)
65
what are 3 premier crus of Gevrey-Chambertin
Clos st. jacques
Cazetiers
Bel-Air
Aux Combottes
66
in what year was la Grande Rue elevated to Grand Cru?
1992
67
name at least 3 of 5 communes for Cote de nuits-villages
```
fixin
brochon
corgoloin
comblanchien
premeaux-prissey
```
68
which is the larger of the two grand crus of Chambolle-Musigny
bonnes mares
69
what are 3 premier crus of vosje romanee
clos de Réas
les Suchots
Aux Malconsorts
Cros Parantoux
70
From North to South, what are the AOC communes of the Cotes de Nuits
```
Marsannay
Fixin
Gevrey-Chambertin
Morey-Saint-Denis
Chambolle-Musigny
Vougeot
Flagey-Echezeaux
Vosne-Romanée
Nuits-Saint-Georges
```
71
Where is Pécharmant AOP and what styles of wine are made there? Grapes?
Rouge only
| cabernet franc, cabernet sauvignon, and merlot (no grape may exceed 65%)
72
what are the 5 AOCs that surround/separate Bergerac AOP?
```
Montravel AOP (West)
Pecharment AOP (east)
Monbazillac (middle)
Cotes du Duras (sound and west)
cotes du Marmandais (sound and west)
```
73
what are 7 estates in the Graves Classification
```
Mallartic-Lagravière
La Mission haut-Brion
Latour-Martillac
Chateau Olivier
Domaine de Chevalier
Haut-Bailly
Chateau Pape-Clement
```
74
what year did pessac-leognan become AOP
1987
75
what is the min % of Sauvignon Blanc for Pessac leognan blanc
min 25%
76
what is the cep ages of chateau haut Brion? red and white both
red: 47% merlot / 40% cab Sauvignon / 11% cab franc / 1% PV
white: 52% semilor / 48% sauvignon blanc
77
what are 7 producers of chateaupneuf du pape
```
chateau de Beaucastel
Chateau Rayas
henri Bonneau
Vieux Donjon
Clos des Papes
Bosquet des Papes
Chateau La Nerthe
```
78
what grape method of harvest is used to produce Coteaux de l'aubance AOP?
100% botrytized Chenin blanc
79
on what bank of the loire river is sancerre AOP, east or west? Pouilly-Fume AOP?
sancerre is on the west bank
| pouilly fume is on the east bank
80
what are the 4 villages of Pouilly fuisse
chaintré
solutré-pouilly
fuissé
vergisson
81
what are two other AOP in the village of Pouilly other than Pouilly Fuisse?
Pouilly-Vinzelles
| Pouilly Loché
82
which maconnais overlaps the Beaujolais district and which cru does it encompass?
Saint Veran AOP
| Encompasses St. Amour
83
what grapes are used to produce macon villages
chardonnay, to produce dry still white and primeur and nouveau wines
84
what is the newest maconnais AOP?
Viré-Clessé in 1999
85
what is the department of the cote chalonnaise
saone-et-loire
86
what is another name for the cote chalonnaise
was once called the "région de Mercurey"
87
which AOC is just south of Mercurey
givry AOP
88
what are the 5 AOPs of the cote chalonnaise from north to south
```
Bouzeron AOP
Rully AOP
Mercurey AOP
Givry AOP
Montagny AOP
```
89
which cote chalonnaise AOP produces white wine only
montagny
90
what is the maximum amount of chardonnay in Boezeroen AOP?
0%
| 100% Aligoté
91
alsace lies on what latitutde
48th
92
what are the two French departments of alsace
bas rhin
| haut rhin
93
what are the two varieties of muscat found in alsace
Muscat ottonel
| muscat blanc/ rosé a petits grains
94
what is klevener, de heiligenstein? what App is it bottled under?
Specialty wine produced in 5 communes around Heiligenstein in Bas Rhin from 100% Klevener (savaging, rosé)
Alsace AOP
95
How many grand crus were established in alsace in 1983?
24 to make the total 25 at that time. There are 51 today
96
trimbach's famous clos ste hunt is produced from around what village? What vineyard?
Hunnawihr village
| rosacker grand cru
97
what are the only two premier crus in chablis that face southwest
voegros
| montee de tonnerre
98
what are the key differences between a chablis grand cru and petit chablis wine
grand cru: comes from mostly kimmeridgian soils with a nice balance of clay and limestone
petits chablis: comes from vines planted on more Portlandien soil with hard limestone rock and are generally more exposed to the elements
stylistically: petit chablis is the leanest and least likely style to see new oak. grand cru is the richest and most concentrated and more likely to see new oak.
99
where is la moutonne
delimited unofficial grand cru of chablis shared between les presses and vaudésir in chablis.
Monopole of Long-Depaquit
100
What is the name of a traditional barrel and its size in chablis?
feuillette
| 132 ml
101
what is the single village AOP for sauvignon blanc in the Yonne?
saint Bris
102
how many premier cru vineyards exist in chablis? name 5
```
40
right bank:
fourchaume
bérdiot
Côte de Vaubarousse
Montée de Tonnerre
Mont de Milieu
Les Fourneaux
Vaucouping
```
103
what are the 5 communes of Margaux?
```
CLAMS
Cantenac
Labarde
Arsac
Margaux
Soussans
```
104
What are 4 zones of South Australia
```
Barossa
Mount Lofty Ranges
Limestone Coast
Lower Murray
Fleurieu
Far North
The Peninsulas
```
105
what are 3 satellites of pouilly fuisse
pouilly-vinzelles
pouilly-loché
Viré Clesse
106
what are the GIs of Western Australia
eastern plains, inland and north of Western Australia, Central Western Australia, South West Australia, West Australian south east coastal, Greater Perth
107
What is Ausbruch
austrian botrytized sweet wine produced around the town of Rust. Must have same must weight as TBA wines for Austria (30 KMW)
No chaptalisation or addition of suss reserve is allowed.
Chardonnay, pinot blanc, traminer and welschriesling
108
why is the botrytized must often added to must of lesser weight between spatels and beerenauslese for ausbruch and tokaj
in order to dissolve the crystallised sugar in the botrytized grapes to speed up fermentation and make it more fficient
109
what is the capacity of a Balthazar?
12 L (16 standard bottles)
110
what are the subregions of Valtellina Superiore from west to east
```
maggiore
sassella
grumello
inferno
valgella
```
111
what is a jeripigo
jeripigo is what vin de liqueur is called in South Africa
| can be made from any grapes as long as the unfermented must is fortified from brandy
112
what 5 AOPs produce wine around Carcassonne
```
clockwise starting from SW
Limoux AOP
Malepère AOP
Cabardès AOP
Minervois AOP
Corbières AOP
```
113
what is Brouillis in regards to cognac production
first distillation of the wash between 28-32% abv that is returned for a second distillation to extract the "sole" or what is to become the Cognac
114
what are two regions in Tasmania
Tamar Valley
Coal River
Pipers River
115
what port house does Vargellas belong to
Taylor Fladgate
116
what does IGT stand for
Indicazione Geografica Tipica
117
what does the term INAO indicate
French regulatory body for agricultural products including wine and cheese among other things.
Stands for Institut National de l'orpine et de la Qualité
118
what does Millerandage mean? Coulure?
millerandage refers to a poor fertilisation of grapes giving small grapes with no berries among regular grapes. (hens and chicks)
Coulure: refers to no fertilisation of the embryo resulting in no formation of a grape
119
what are the grape varieties used in Italian Vin Santo? Greek Vinsanto?
Italian: White grapes Trebbiano and Malvasia for white. Sangiovese for rosé style: "Occhio di Pernice"
Greek: mostly assyrtiko in Santorini
120
where exactly is Launceston
at the southern end of the Tamar valley in Tasmania. George Town is at the Northern End
121
what is the main town in Derwent Valley? Coal River Valley?
Hobart (Derwent Valley)
| Sorell (Coal river valley)
122
where is the Coteaux du loire? Coteaux de la loire?
coteaux du Loir (Touraine)
| Coteaux de la Loire (Anjou)
123
Where is St. Croix du mont and where exactly is it located?
In entre-deux-mers directly across the Garonne River from the Preignac commune of Sauternes
124
Where and what is Fendant?
fendant is a Swiss synonym for Chasselas in the Valais canton
Called Dorin in Vaud
125
What is Ouzo
Anise-flavored liqueur from Greece
126
what is Taurasi
DOCG for Aglianico wines in Campania
127
what is the name of the brandy added in port production and the ration by which it is added
aguardente
| added in a 1:4 ratio
128
what is outage called in port
beneficio
129
what are the grand cru villages of Cotes des Blancs from North to South? What is the name of the Premier Cru village south of Le Mesnil-sur-Oger?
```
Chouilly
Oiry
Cramant
Avize
Oger
Le Mesnil-Sur-Oger
Vertus Premier Cru village in south of Le Mesnil-sur-Oger
```
130
what grand cru village is Cuis west of
cramant
131
where are the following GIs: Swan Hill, Swan District, Kings Valley
Swan Hill: Big Rivers Zone of New South Wales
Swan District: Greater Perth Zone of Western Australia
King Valley: North East Victoria
132
Where is chateau Tahbilk
Nagambie lakes subregion of the Goulburn valley region in central Victoria zone of victoria
133
other than highlands and lowlands what are three other areas for scotch
speyside
islay
campbeltown
the islands
134
what is a hybrid grape
a grape that is a crossing of two or more Vitis Species
135
what is the Italian designation for Vin de Pays
Traditionally called IGT
| IGP
136
what are the other four districts of the Coastal Region not named Tulbagh and Constantia? What is the name of the larger Geographic Unit here?
```
Stellenbosch
Swartland
Wellington
Cape Town
Paarl
Franschhoek Valley
Darling
```
137
where is Boberg and what style of wine are they known for?
```
it is a region of the western ape for fortified wines that encompasses this style of production in the following districts:
Paarl
Wellington
Tullbagh
Franschhoek Valley
```
138
Where is Chalone AVA
AVA of San Benito and Monterey Counties located east of Soledad in the Gabilan Mountains
139
What are 5 AVAs of Mendocino County
```
Anderson Valley
Mendocino Ridge
Yorkville Highlands
Redwood Valley
Cole Ranch
```
140
what river do the following villages sit on:
Eitelsbach
Wehlen
Bad Kreuznach
Eitelsbach - Ruwer
Wehlen - Mosel
Bad Kreuznach - Nahe
141
What is the min temperature for pressing ice wine in Canada
-8C
142
what and were is Masa Plana
mas la plana is a Cabernet Sauvignon based cult wine produced by Familia Torres in Penedes. Used to be called Gran Coronas Mas la Plana
143
where is nelson exactly in New Zealand
northern most wine producing region on the South Island. Not a GI
144
where is the martin borough subregion
wairarapa GI which is the southern most GI on the North Island of New Zealand
145
where is wellington in new zealand
southern tip of the North Island along the Cook Straight that separates the two islands
146
what is dorin
Dorin is a traditional appellation in the Swiss canton of Vaud for Chasselas wine
147
what is the northernmost grand cru of cote de beaune
Corton Grand Cru
148
what is the difference between Klevner and Klevener
```
Klevner = Pinot blanc
Klevener = Savignin Rosé
```
149
where is the following premier cru located:
aux malconsorts
Vosne Romanée
| South of La Tache
150
Where is the following premier crus located
| monts luisants
morey-st-denis, west and upsilon of Clos de la Roche
151
What are the main grapes of Jurancon
Gros mannen and petit mannen are the main ones
| Corbu and Petit Corbu are the others
152
what styles of wine are produced in jurancon? what are the RS values for each?
```
blanc sec (max 4g/l)
sweet white (min 40g/l; was min 35 g/l)
VT (min 55 g/l; was min 35 gl)
```
153
where is the Clare valley
in the Mount Lofty ranges zone of south Austarlia
154
where is Carinena DO? What are the other 3 DOs there?
DO in Aragon
Calatayud DO
Cigales DO
Somontano DO
155
What are the quality port vintages between 1952 - 1962
1955 and 1960
156
what are the soils of Sherry
barros (clay)
arenas (sand)
albariza (limestone) !!
157
what are the soil of Coonawarra
Terra Rossa (clay over well-drained limestone)
158
what are the soils of Saumur
Tuffeau (chalk)
Varennes (alluvial sand)
clay
159
where is Coal River
south part of Tasmania.
| Flows past major town of Sorell
160
Where is Pipers River
North part of Tasmania between Tamar Valley and North East.
| East of the town of George Town
161
what is the grape of Buckles (Portugal)
main grape is min 75% Arinto, called Perdernã there
162
what is Bagaciera
pommade spirit produced in Portugal
163
what are the pomace spirits called on the greek mainland? Creet?
Tsjpouro (greek mainland)
| Tsikoudia (Crete)
164
what drives autovinficiation? main drawback?
the internal pressure caused by the ongoing fermentation which automatically led to a pumper of the cap to prevent it from drying out.
Main drawback was temperature control
165
what is the grape variety used for making quality wines in Franken
sylvaner
166
what is the Ochsle level for Riesling Kabinett in Mosel?
Spatlase in Mosel?
Auslese in Mosel?
73 (kabinett)
80 (spatlase)
88 (auslese)
167
where is the following village
Deidesheim
pfalz
168
where is the following village
Forst
Pfalz
169
where is the following village
Durkheim
Pfalz
170
what are the 4 major Weinbaugebiete of Austria from North to South
Niederosterreich
wien
burgenland
styria
171
what are the 3 weinbauregionen regions of austria
weinland
steierland
bergland
172
what type of wine is made in Cerons AOP? Where is it?
blanc liquoreux
| north of Barsac in graves
173
what are the 5 subzones of rias Baixas from north to south
```
ribeira do ulla
val do salnés
Soutomajor
Condado do Tea
O Rosal
```
174
What is the best area for port and what town is it near
cima Corgo
| near the town of Pinhão
175
name the 4 main wine regions of the Central Valley in Chile from North to South and the two subregions of one of those
Maipo valley
Rapel Valley (Cachapoal and Colchagua)
Curicó Valley
maule Valley
176
what is the commune for the following Chateaux
Clos l'Eglise
Pomerol
177
what is the commune for the following chateaux
Fieuzal
Leognan, in Graves
178
What is the commune for the following chateaux
Lamothe
Sauternes
179
What is the commune for the following chateaux
La Tour de Mons
Margaux
180
where is Boezeroen located
Northernmost AOP in the cote chalonnaise in Burgundy
181
where is cour-cheverny located? what the of wine and from what grape?
in the loir-et-cher department within Touraine
| Sec and off-dry white wine from 100% Romorantin
182
what are the two white wine only AOP in the Cote Chalonnaise
Montagny (chardonnay)
| Boezeroen (Aligoté)
183
what WO is the Central Orange River ward located in
Northern ape
184
Where is Mossel Bay
On the coast of South Africa East of ape South Coast region
185
where is walker bay? What are the 6 wards within in?
district in the cape south coast region of South Africa south of Overberg District
```
wards:
Hemel-en-aarde ridge
hemel-en-aarde valley
upper hemel-en-aarde
bot river
sunday's glen
stanford foothills
```
186
where is beaumes de Denise located exactly in the southern rhone?
borders gigondas on the southeast and is due west of vacqueyras
187
give 3 reasons why canopy management Is so important in new zealand
intense UV because there is no o-zone
high vigor because of fertile soils there
underripe sauvignon blanc can result in high mvthoxy pyridine levels
188
what is the coolest district of chianti
ruffina.
| higher elevation and cool breezes from the Apennines mountains
189
what are the ageing requirements for vino mobile di Montepulciano riserva
min 3 geraas with 6 months in bottle
190
where is gambellara
Gambellara is east of the soave superiore and soave Classico zone.
east of verona
191
what is the min abv% of chateauneuf-du-pape and gigondas
min 12,5%
192
what is a cartouche
cartouche is the raised glass logo or emblem embossed on a bottle of wine, most often found on the wines of the chateaupneuf du Pape region. added by pressing a mild filled with molten glass to the already finished glass bottle
193
what are the 8 subpoenas of chianti
```
classico
ruffina
colli senesi
colli aretini
colli fioretini
colline pisane
montalbano
montespertoli
```
194
what are 9 factors used to rate of port vineyard
```
location
altitude
exposure
bedrock
rough matter
slope
shelter
vine
planting density
yield
training system
vine age
```
