Childhood 1-6, Toddler 1-3, Preschool 3-6 Flashcards
What 2 Erikson stages is this form of development at now?
Initiative vs Guilt
Autonomy vs Shame and doubt
What % of the brain of an adult is at age 3 and 6
By age 3 the brain is 75% of an adult
By 6 it is 95% of an adult
What is myelination of nerves?
Increase of speed and efficiency of information processing throughout the nervous system
What age do eye muscles develop to focus and sustain attention?
Age 4-5
What ages do motor skills become more confident?
From 3-5
What movements happen at 3 years old?
hopping, jumping, running just for fun
What movements happen at 4 years old?
More adventurous with activities and climbing
What movements happen at 5 years old?
run hard, enjoy racing and climbing higher, completing more risky manoeuvres
Describe the fine motor skills that happen from ages 3-5
3 years: able to manipulate small objects like Lego, jigsaw puzzles, but still clumsy. Able to build block towers high but not straight
4 years: able to connect small objects with more precision. Building towers straight s still a challenge
5 years: hand eye body coordination
Name some cognitive developments in this development stage
Complex sentences achieved between 2-3 years
All vowel sounds by 3
Age 4: asking why, where, what??
By 5 have wide vocabulary of verbs, nouns, name familiar actions and state their purpose
Use past, present and future speech
By school age a child understands 14,000 words
What is the function of peer groups in Psychosocial development of this age stage development?
Provide a source of information and comparison of the world outside of the family
Why is having friends/interacting with peers important to child development?
Friendships help children develop important life skills like getting along with other people and sorting out conflicts and problems.
What does Piaget say play is?
“Play is the work of children” - Piaget
What are the benefits of play?
Important for cognitive development
Helps children master anxieties, work of excessive energy and release pent up tensions
Enhances creative thought
Development of language and communication skills
What are the 2 different types of play?
Pretence/symbolic play
Social play
Describe Pretence/symbolic play with the ages 2-3
the child interacts with toys, talking to them, includes emotions, sequencing of events e.g. bathing, drying, then dressing the doll
Describe Pretence/symbolic play in age 4
play based on event the child has seen or heard but not personally experienced. Understands cause and effect. Using language to set scenes
Describe Pretence/symbolic play from the age 5-6
highly imaginative themes, multiple plans and sequences
Describe Social Play
Involves interaction with peers increases dramatically during preschool years becoming the main method of interacting with peers
(Games: Simple pleasurable activities with rules, turn taking and competition)
What can trends in families include?
nuclear, couple only, extended, single parent, blended, alternative patterns (groups, skip generation, adults living alone, cohabiting partners, same sex couples)
Definition of a family?
2 or more persons who is aged 15 and over, who are related by blood, marriage, adoption, step or fostering and who are usually resident in the same household
Fine motor progress in early childhood is most apparent where?
self-help skills and drawing
Research on the development of play during the preschool years indicates that…
Older preoperational children are aware that make-believe play is a representational activity.
What does Piaget’s three-mountain task demonstrates for preschoolers?
Egocentrism
According to Vygotsky, private speech during the preschool years does what?
Helps young children guide their behaviour during challenging tasks
Studies of self-esteem demonstrate that preschoolers usually…
Rate their own ability as extremely high
Three year old Gwen explains that her bike is sad because it is alone in the garage. Gwen is demonstrating
Animistic thinking
In a conservation-of-liquid problem, young children do not realise that the water in the short, wide glass would attain its former height if it were poured back into the tall, thin glass. This characteristic of preoperational thought is known as what?
irreversibility
