Childhood 1-6, Toddler 1-3, Preschool 3-6

Question 1

What 2 Erikson stages is this form of development at now?

Answer 1

Initiative vs Guilt

Autonomy vs Shame and doubt

Question 2

What % of the brain of an adult is at age 3 and 6

Answer 2

By age 3 the brain is 75% of an adult

By 6 it is 95% of an adult

Question 3

What is myelination of nerves?

Answer 3

Increase of speed and efficiency of information processing throughout the nervous system

Question 4

What age do eye muscles develop to focus and sustain attention?

Answer 4

Age 4-5

Question 5

What ages do motor skills become more confident?

Answer 5

From 3-5

Question 6

What movements happen at 3 years old?

Answer 6

hopping, jumping, running just for fun

Question 7

What movements happen at 4 years old?

Answer 7

More adventurous with activities and climbing

Question 8

What movements happen at 5 years old?

Answer 8

run hard, enjoy racing and climbing higher, completing more risky manoeuvres

Question 9

Describe the fine motor skills that happen from ages 3-5

Answer 9

3 years: able to manipulate small objects like Lego, jigsaw puzzles, but still clumsy. Able to build block towers high but not straight

4 years: able to connect small objects with more precision. Building towers straight s still a challenge

5 years: hand eye body coordination

Question 10

Name some cognitive developments in this development stage

Answer 10

Complex sentences achieved between 2-3 years

All vowel sounds by 3

Age 4: asking why, where, what??

By 5 have wide vocabulary of verbs, nouns, name familiar actions and state their purpose

Use past, present and future speech

By school age a child understands 14,000 words

Question 11

What is the function of peer groups in Psychosocial development of this age stage development?

Answer 11

Provide a source of information and comparison of the world outside of the family

Question 12

Why is having friends/interacting with peers important to child development?

Answer 12

Friendships help children develop important life skills like getting along with other people and sorting out conflicts and problems.

Question 13

What does Piaget say play is?

Answer 13

“Play is the work of children” - Piaget

Question 14

What are the benefits of play?

Answer 14

Important for cognitive development

Helps children master anxieties, work of excessive energy and release pent up tensions

Enhances creative thought

Development of language and communication skills

Question 15

What are the 2 different types of play?

Answer 15

Pretence/symbolic play

Social play

Question 16

Describe Pretence/symbolic play with the ages 2-3

Answer 16

the child interacts with toys, talking to them, includes emotions, sequencing of events e.g. bathing, drying, then dressing the doll

Question 17

Describe Pretence/symbolic play in age 4

Answer 17

play based on event the child has seen or heard but not personally experienced. Understands cause and effect. Using language to set scenes

Question 18

Describe Pretence/symbolic play from the age 5-6

Answer 18

highly imaginative themes, multiple plans and sequences

Question 19

Describe Social Play

Answer 19

Involves interaction with peers increases dramatically during preschool years becoming the main method of interacting with peers
(Games: Simple pleasurable activities with rules, turn taking and competition)

Question 20

What can trends in families include?

Answer 20

nuclear, couple only, extended, single parent, blended, alternative patterns (groups, skip generation, adults living alone, cohabiting partners, same sex couples)

Question 21

Definition of a family?

Answer 21

2 or more persons who is aged 15 and over, who are related by blood, marriage, adoption, step or fostering and who are usually resident in the same household

Question 22

Fine motor progress in early childhood is most apparent where?

Answer 22

self-help skills and drawing

Question 23

Research on the development of play during the preschool years indicates that…

Answer 23

Older preoperational children are aware that make-believe play is a representational activity.

Question 24

What does Piaget’s three-mountain task demonstrates for preschoolers?

Answer 24

Egocentrism

Question 25

According to Vygotsky, private speech during the preschool years does what?

Answer 25

Helps young children guide their behaviour during challenging tasks

Question 26

Studies of self-esteem demonstrate that preschoolers usually…

Answer 26

Rate their own ability as extremely high

Question 27

Three year old Gwen explains that her bike is sad because it is alone in the garage. Gwen is demonstrating

Answer 27

Animistic thinking

Question 28

In a conservation-of-liquid problem, young children do not realise that the water in the short, wide glass would attain its former height if it were poured back into the tall, thin glass. This characteristic of preoperational thought is known as what?

Answer 28

irreversibility