Adolescence 10-19

Question 1

What are the main physical changes?

Answer 1

Increased growth rate of skeleton, muscle and viscera

Question 2

What are some Female secondary sex changes?

Answer 2

• Breast, uterine, skeletal development, hip widening, height and weight changes
• First pubertal change: breast development
• Pubic hair develops shortly after breast development
• Hair under arms develops at approximately 12 years

Question 3

What is a menarche and what age does this occur?

Answer 3

A Menarche is the first menstrual period and this occurs between the age of 10.5 - 16.5 years

Question 4

Name some male secondary sex changes

Answer 4

Facial hair, pubic hair, muscle mass, voice changes, height and weight changes

First pubertal change: enlargement of testicles

Appearance of pubic hair 13.5years

Nocturnal emissions (wet dreams) 14 years old

Question 5

When does puberty happen for girls and boys - whats the difference

Answer 5

Puberty happens 2 years after girls for boys

Question 6

What gap is there for growth between males and females?

Answer 6

Females - 8cm per year for 2 years
Males - 11cm per year for 2 years

There is a 3cm gap

Question 7

Name some cognitive developments in the adolescence development

Answer 7

• Adolescent egocentrism
• Imaginary audience
• Personal fable

Question 8

Describe Adolescent Egocentrism

Answer 8

heightened self-consciousness (they seem to believe the world revolves around them)

Question 9

Describe Imaginary Audience

Answer 9

belief that everyone is as interested in their life as they are and can observe all achievements and faults

Question 10

Describe Personal fable

Answer 10

an adolescent believes they are unique and invincible and what they feel can only happen to them

Question 11

What happens to the brain during adolescence?

Answer 11

Prefrontal cortex – reasoning and higher decision making (doesn’t finish developing until early adulthood)

Corpus callosum – (fibers connecting the left hemisphere to the right) thickens and the ability to process information improves

Amygdala – responsible for the perception of emotions such as anger, fear, and sadness as well as controlling aggression.

Question 12

What hormones are produced and where during specific sex changes?

Answer 12

Hypothalamus begins to produce GnRH, FSH and LH

Question 13

Abstract thinking can be known as what stage for Piaget?

Answer 13

Formal operational stage

Question 14

What do adolescence think about risk taking behaviour?

Answer 14

Have a tendency to engage in risk taking behaviour prior to adulthood. These experiences help form the prefrontal cortex connections in adulthood
- Can be: sexual, new experiences, independence

Question 15

When is Melatonin released in older adolescence?

Answer 15

9:30 - 10:30pm

Question 16

What determines greater self esteem?

Answer 16

Quality of friendships in terms of closeness and similarity to core values

Question 17

What are the three types of media use?

Answer 17

• Multi tasking (updating FB, listening to music while studying)
• Text messaging (surpassed all other forms of communication)
• Screen time (total media used in an 24-hour period)

Question 18

What ages does romance begin and develop?

Answer 18

Age 11-13 (crushes, may or may not interact with the said person they are attracted too)

Age 14-16 (casual dating for a short duration, days - months)

Age 17-19 (close intense relationship between 2 people, lasting a long time)

Question 19

What are the depression rates and who are more likely to be depressed?

Answer 19

15-25%

Females more likely to have depression over males

Question 20

What Erikson theory will be in play with this age development?

Answer 20

Identity VS Role confusion

Question 21

Describe Identity VS Role (Identity) confusion

Answer 21

Exploration of new roles (crisis) or ways of presenting self and continuing or rejecting (commitment)

Question 22

According to Erikson, the negative outcome for the crisis of adolescence is what?

Answer 22

Identity confusion

Question 23

What do boys have an increase in, and what do girls have an increase in during this age development?

Answer 23

Boys have an increase in Muscle cells

Girls have an increase in Fat cells

Question 24

Anorexics use food as a means of?

Answer 24

Control

Question 25

What factor is the MOST common negative result of being an unmarried adolescent mother?

Answer 25

The disruption of education and career development

Question 26

According to Piaget, —— operational thought comes into play between 11 and 15 years of age

Answer 26

Formal operational thought

Question 27

The cognitive ability to solve problems that develops in adolescence is termed —- by Piaget

Answer 27

Hypothetical - deductive reasoning

Question 28

Cognitive development changes occur during adolescence. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

Answer 28

Symbolic thought

Question 29

Personal fable and imaginary audience are parts of adolescents…

Answer 29

Egocentricism

Question 30

According to Erikson, someone who suffers a negative outcome to the psychological conflict of adolescence will experience:

Answer 30

Role confusion

Question 31

Competent adolescent development is MOST likely to happen when adolescents have parents who display ——– ways of dealing with problems and conflict

Answer 31

authoritative

Question 32

According to Erikson, an adolescent’s crisis is based on the need to..

Answer 32

Form an identity

Question 33

Cognitive changes during adolescence can lead to adolescent- parent conflicts because adolescents…

Answer 33

compare their parents to the ideal parents