Adolescence 10-19 Flashcards
What are the main physical changes?
Increased growth rate of skeleton, muscle and viscera
What are some Female secondary sex changes?
- Breast, uterine, skeletal development, hip widening, height and weight changes
- First pubertal change: breast development
- Pubic hair develops shortly after breast development
- Hair under arms develops at approximately 12 years
What is a menarche and what age does this occur?
A Menarche is the first menstrual period and this occurs between the age of 10.5 - 16.5 years
Name some male secondary sex changes
Facial hair, pubic hair, muscle mass, voice changes, height and weight changes
First pubertal change: enlargement of testicles
Appearance of pubic hair 13.5years
Nocturnal emissions (wet dreams) 14 years old
When does puberty happen for girls and boys - whats the difference
Puberty happens 2 years after girls for boys
What gap is there for growth between males and females?
Females - 8cm per year for 2 years
Males - 11cm per year for 2 years
There is a 3cm gap
Name some cognitive developments in the adolescence development
- Adolescent egocentrism
- Imaginary audience
- Personal fable
Describe Adolescent Egocentrism
heightened self-consciousness (they seem to believe the world revolves around them)
Describe Imaginary Audience
belief that everyone is as interested in their life as they are and can observe all achievements and faults
Describe Personal fable
an adolescent believes they are unique and invincible and what they feel can only happen to them
What happens to the brain during adolescence?
Prefrontal cortex – reasoning and higher decision making (doesn’t finish developing until early adulthood)
Corpus callosum – (fibers connecting the left hemisphere to the right) thickens and the ability to process information improves
Amygdala – responsible for the perception of emotions such as anger, fear, and sadness as well as controlling aggression.
What hormones are produced and where during specific sex changes?
Hypothalamus begins to produce GnRH, FSH and LH
Abstract thinking can be known as what stage for Piaget?
Formal operational stage
What do adolescence think about risk taking behaviour?
Have a tendency to engage in risk taking behaviour prior to adulthood. These experiences help form the prefrontal cortex connections in adulthood
- Can be: sexual, new experiences, independence
When is Melatonin released in older adolescence?
9:30 - 10:30pm
What determines greater self esteem?
Quality of friendships in terms of closeness and similarity to core values
What are the three types of media use?
- Multi tasking (updating FB, listening to music while studying)
- Text messaging (surpassed all other forms of communication)
- Screen time (total media used in an 24-hour period)
What ages does romance begin and develop?
Age 11-13 (crushes, may or may not interact with the said person they are attracted too)
Age 14-16 (casual dating for a short duration, days - months)
Age 17-19 (close intense relationship between 2 people, lasting a long time)
What are the depression rates and who are more likely to be depressed?
15-25%
Females more likely to have depression over males
What Erikson theory will be in play with this age development?
Identity VS Role confusion
Describe Identity VS Role (Identity) confusion
Exploration of new roles (crisis) or ways of presenting self and continuing or rejecting (commitment)
According to Erikson, the negative outcome for the crisis of adolescence is what?
Identity confusion
What do boys have an increase in, and what do girls have an increase in during this age development?
Boys have an increase in Muscle cells
Girls have an increase in Fat cells
Anorexics use food as a means of?
Control
What factor is the MOST common negative result of being an unmarried adolescent mother?
The disruption of education and career development
According to Piaget, —— operational thought comes into play between 11 and 15 years of age
Formal operational thought
The cognitive ability to solve problems that develops in adolescence is termed —- by Piaget
Hypothetical - deductive reasoning
Cognitive development changes occur during adolescence. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Symbolic thought
Personal fable and imaginary audience are parts of adolescents…
Egocentricism
According to Erikson, someone who suffers a negative outcome to the psychological conflict of adolescence will experience:
Role confusion
Competent adolescent development is MOST likely to happen when adolescents have parents who display ——– ways of dealing with problems and conflict
authoritative
According to Erikson, an adolescent’s crisis is based on the need to..
Form an identity
Cognitive changes during adolescence can lead to adolescent- parent conflicts because adolescents…
compare their parents to the ideal parents
