Child - Topic 5 Other Research

Question 1

Bowlby

Answer 1

Found that 44 juvenile thieves had some form of separation with their mothers at some stage during their sensitive period as opposed to 44 controls (over a half). 32% of which had affectionless psychopathy.

Question 2

Spitz

Answer 2

123 babies pf mothers who were in prison were taken away form mother at aged 6-8 months and only saw mother once a week. When separated from mum, the babies cried more and lost weight, when reunited with mothers they gained weight and cried less.

Question 3

Harlows monkeys

Answer 3

Monkeys would spend 17-18 hours a day with cloth mother and 1 hour with wire mother who feeds. As soon as the monkey is fed, it will go straight to the cloth mother fro protection and comfort, as it associates the cloth mother with love and protection, especially within the “scary situation”. It is concluded that attachment is stronger with emotional needs as opposed to socioeconomic needs.

Question 4

Howes - high quality day nurses

Answer 4

• A ratio of staff to children should be 3:1
• Staff must be well qualified, trained and experienced in child development and emotional care
• Low staff turnover
• Staff who are responsive and sensitive to child’s needs emotionally, i.e.pick them up when they cry straight away

Howes found that a more secure attachment found between children and staff who had undergone the sensitivity training

Question 5

Melhuish - high quality day nurseries

Answer 5

Positive effect on children up to 3 years old include “supervision that maintains consistency” and “staff development the ensure continuity and stability”

Question 6

Effective Provision of Pre-School Education

Answer 6

Found that children who spent longer in day nurseries were more antisocial, but the effect was reduced when the quality was increased.

Question 7

James and Joyce Robertson - suitable substitute

Answer 7

Four children who were looked after by Joyce to who she was sensitive and caring towards, were found to be well adjusted to the parents upon reunion. One child who was cared by a residential nursery with no attention or emotional support from a substitute, was found to be profoundly distressed when separated from mother and reject contact upon reunion.