Child - Topic 1 Other Research

Question 1

Spearman

Answer 1

Used the mathematical approach to measure intelligence using the ‘g’ factor. He suggested the ‘g” factor was responsible for the success across a range of different mental tasks for each individual. Was likely to account for 50% of the variance of the mental tasks.

Question 2

Cattell

Answer 2

Created fluid intelligence (gf) which is the intelligence we inherit. And crystallised intelligence (gc) is the intelligence we have learned.

Question 3

Horn

Answer 3

Suggested that gc is related to verbal knowledge (following instructions, problem defining and general knowledge about humanities, social and physical science)

Suggested that gf is related to numerical memory, problem solving and inductive reasoning.

Gf higher in young adults and gc higher in older adults.

Question 4

Caroll

Answer 4

The three stratum model:
Stratum I - narrow abilities (69 in total)
Stratum II - broad abilities
Stratum III - consisting of a single general ability

Question 5

Sternberg

Answer 5

Triarchic theory:

1. Analytical intelligence - analytical, evaluation and judging skills, good for problem solving
2. Practical intelligence - skills of actually implementing the ideas
3. Creative intelligence - skills of dealing with a new or novel situation.

Question 6

Gardner

Answer 6

Multiple intelligences. 
Limguistic
Logical-mathematical
Spatial
Bodily-kinaesthetic 
Musical
Interpersonal (people smart)
Intrapersonal (self smart)
Naturalistic

Question 7

Van Goozen

Answer 7

In a study of female-to-male transexuals, it was found that there was a significant increase in visual-spatial ability combined with lower scores on tasks involving verbal fluency. The effect was reversed with male-to-female transexuals. Suggesting that theres an hormonal influence on intelligence.

Question 8

Twin and adoption studies

Answer 8

Stronger correlation with biological relatives then between adopted relatives with intelligence scores. MZ twins were found to have more similarities between verbal and spatial skills than DZ twins.

Question 9

Hanne Mortenson

Answer 9

Positive correlation between the length of time a baby was breastfed and the scores on an iq test.

Question 10

Goldschmidt

Answer 10

Cannabis use within the first 6 months pf pregnancy correlated with a lower verbal reasoning scores in children aged 6. Heavy use within the first 3 months is negatively associated with overall IQ

Question 11

Hayashi

Answer 11

Individuals with Asperger syndrome score higher on the Raven’s test than other individuals.

Question 12

Raven, Court & Raven

Answer 12

Found that there wasn’t 100% concordance with Weschlers and Stanford-Binet

Question 13

Guertin

Answer 13

Variables such as sex,gender,age,and numerous environmental factors have been shown to effect IQ scores (Weschlers)

Question 14

Seigel

Answer 14

Diagnosis in Autism, as autistic individuals can demonstrate a wide range of ability levels and patterns on the Weschlers scales.