Child Development L4 Flashcards
What are the key components of social development?
- Forming bonds with people
- Learning to behave in social acceptable ways
- Learning to be good friends and allies
- Learning to deal with adversaries
What is Attatchment?
An emotional and social bond between infant and caregiver that spans both time and space
Describe Social Learning Theory
The idea that we learn to do things by watching others.
Social Learning Theory can also be described as a sort of ____
Deferred Imitation
How is Social Development achieved?
- Social Learning Theory
- Cognitive Development Theory
- Parents
- Peer relationships
Describe the Cognitive Development Theory
The idea that social development is driven by cognitive development.
Describe how parenting influences social development
Children imitate their parents, children form attachments to their parents. Children are influenced by parenting styles
What are the two dimensions of parenting styles
- Demandingness
2. Responsiveness
Give the four parenting styles and describe their dimensions
Authoritative (demanding and responsive)
Authoritarian (demanding and unresponsive)
Permissive (undemanding and responsive)
Disengaged (undemanding and unresponsive)
What are a few important things to consider when analyzing the influence of parenting on social development
- Principle of minimal sufficiency.
- Parental style is a two way street.
What is the principle of minimal sufficiency?
The teaching principle that the consequences for bad decisions should only be as harsh as they need be. When teaching children, this means your child will internalize moral rules the best if you are only as harsh with consequence as you need to be - harsher is not better.
Why is parental style a two way street?
Because certain children incite certain parenting styles - some may need a stricter influence, others a more forgiving one etc.
Describe a peer relationship.
A friendship. How your friends influence your behavior.
What are the two elements of emotional development?
- Understanding others’ feelings
2. Emotional Regulation
How do children often understand others’ feelings or regulate their emotions?
Via the influence of their parents, ie the parent will provide a distraction to help the child deal with negative emotion, or the parent will ask the child to consider how others’ feel
When undergoing moral development, children first learn to _______, then they learn to actively do _____
- Not do what is wrong
2. Do what is right
How do children learn what is morally wrong?
- By consequence. If I bite my sister I’ll get time out.
2. Then they start to internalize moral rules about right or wrong
How did Kohlberg formulate his Theory of Moral Development?
He studied boys between the ages of 10 and 17.
He presented them with moral scenarios.
He asked them to evaluate the scenarios
What are the three levels of Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development?
- Preconventional Level
- Conventional Level
- Post-Conventional Level
What are the stages of the pre-conventional level?
Stage 1 - Morality of punishment and obedience
Stage 2 - Morality of naive instrumental hedonism
What are the stages of the conventional level?
Stage 3 - Morality of maintaining good relations
Stage 4 - Morality of maintaining social order
what are the stages of the post conventional level?
Stage 5 - Morality of social contracts
Stage 6 - Morality of universal ethical principles
Describe the pre-conventional level.
Behavior based on external factors, such as authority or punishment.
Describe the conventional level.
Understanding that the social system has an interest in people’s behaviors - ie that friendships are built on good faith and society is built upon order. Behavior is guided by what other people think.
Describe the post-conventional level.
Understanding that authority figures are relative, and moral principles are arbitrary. The value of human life is a socially decided contract.
What are some things that it is important to consider when evaluating Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development?
- If you change the wording of the scenario to emphasize different parts, you get a vast change in response and therefore categorization.
- Moral Development seems more like a spectrum then the sequential process he described.
- Cultural and gender bias - different cultures hold different things as more important with regards to morals, and therefore might answer differently.
- Whether or not people’s behavior in real life actually reflects their stage in Kohlberg’s development sequence is very unclear. Ie people say they would do one thing for the purposes of the test but don’t actually do that in real life.
What is empathetic distress? How do children learn to change with time?
If another person gets upset they will get upset
- Then learn to help, give what they would want in the same situation
- Overtime realize what you want is different to what they would want
- And that helping someone else might make you worse off
