Abnormal Psychology L9 Flashcards
What is the diagnostic criteria for Antisocial PD?
Three out of the following: - Disregard for social norms - Reckless behavior - Impulsivity - Irresponsibility - Prone to anger/aggression - Deceitfulness and manipulative - Lack of guilt or remorse Evidence of conduct disorder before the age of 15.
Antisocial PD is the only PD which contains a clear…
Developmental component.
Why has the Antisocial PD diagnostic criteria been criticized?
- Mostly behavioral
- Lower cut off criteria (50-80% of inmates
What is the alternative diagnosis for Antisocial PD?
Psychopathy
Why is Psychopathy a better diagnosis then Antisocial PD?
More discriminative, and therefore can be more useful in differentiating troubled individuals.
What are some symptoms of Psychopathy?
- Interpersonal Deficits
- Superficial charm
- Socially potent
- Grandiosity
- Low anxiety - Affective Deficits
- Shallow emotions
- Fearless
- Lack of empathy or guilt
- Unable to form deep relationships
Describe the “two-process model for etiology” for Antisocial PD?
Factor 1 (Affective/Interpersonal
- Underactive Amygdala - poor fear conditioning, inability to read distress cues
Factor 2 (Antisocial behavior)
- Underactive Orbitofrontal Cortex - disinhibition
In individuals with social anxiety or depression the Amygdala is…
Overactive
Borderline PD is the most…
Common PD encountered in clinical settings
What are the symptoms of Borderline PD?
- Instability of self-image and relationships
- lack of coherent identity
- Intense interpersonal relationships
- Idolization vs devaluation (hot and cold) - Affective instability
- Dysphoria and chronic feelings of emptiness
- Extreme emotional outbursts, especially in response to abandonment. - Impulsive, unpredictable and destructive behavior
- Recklessness, seeking out dangerous situations
- Self harm and suicidal tendencies
Borderline PD is very…
Heterogeneous
What is Histrionic PD?
Extremely dramatic
Shallow emotions
Attention seeking behaviors
Vain, self-centered, demanding
What are the symptoms of Narcissistic PD?
Grandiose, need much admiration Lack of empathy Seldom interested in feelings of others Expect constant attention and admiration Association with superiority Exaggerate achievements
What personality disorders do we know the most about?
Antisocial PD
Borderline PD
Schizotypal PD
What is the difference between Grandiose Narcissism and Vulnerable Narcissism?
The vulnerable Narcissist has an underlying, fragile self esteem. Projecting confidence to feel better about themselves.
What causes Narcissistic PD?
Psychodynamic Theory: Reaction formation to cold, rejecting parents, this is known as the Narcissistic Paradox.
Cognitive Theory: Too much positive reinforcement while growing up.
Can Narcissistic PD be treated?
No
What personality disorders fit under cluster 3 (anxious PDs)?
- Avoidant personality disorder
- Dependent personality disorder
- Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
What are the symptoms of avoidant personality disorder?
- Uncomfortable and inhibited in social situations
- Feelings of inadequacy
- Sensitive to negative evaluation
- Feel unappealing or inferior
- Few close friends
What are the symptoms of dependent personality disorder?
- Central feature: difficulty with separation
- Pervasive, excessive need to be taken care of
- Clingy and obedient
- Rely on others for decisions (even minor ones)
- Feel distressed, lonely, and sad; dislike selves
What are the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?
-Preoccupied with order, perfection, and control
=Lose all flexibility, openness, and efficiency
-Unreasonably high standards for selves and others
=Rigid moral code
-Rigid and stubborn; trouble expressing affection
=Relationships often stiff and superficial
How is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder different from OCD?
OCD is a thought disorder, where as obsessive-compulsive personality disorder relates to personality
What are some limitations with the DSM-5 system?
- Excessive comorbidity
- Inadequate coverage
- Excessive within-diagnosis heterogeneity
- No clear boundary between normal and pathological personality
- Inadequate scientific base
What is a potential solution to the problems in the DSM-5 for diagnosing personality disorders?
- Dimensional personality traits define disorders (Individuals vary in degree rather than in kind)
- Constellation of extreme manifestation of personality traits (on a bell curve) + impairment in functioning results in a disorder
Describe the alternative version of the DSM-5 model for personality disorders..
First need Significant impairments in self (identity or self-direction) and interpersonal (empathy or intimacy) functioning
Then create personality profile against five Personality Trait Domains (Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition & Compulsivity, Psychoticism)
Personality types then defined by trait profiles
What is Personality Disorder Trait Specific (PDTS)?
When person meet criteria for a personality disorder but does not fit neatly into a category
How are personality disorders diagnosed according to ICD-11?
One diagnosis based on severity:
- No disorder / personality difficulty
- Mild, moderate, severe PD
- Based on impairment in functioning
Five Personality Trait Qualifiers:
- Negative Affectivity
- Detachment
- Dissociality
- Disinhibition
- Anankastia (compulsivity)
