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PSYC112 2024 > Abnormal Psychology L9 > Flashcards

Abnormal Psychology L9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for Antisocial PD?

A 
Three out of the following:
- Disregard for social norms
- Reckless behavior
- Impulsivity
- Irresponsibility
- Prone to anger/aggression
- Deceitfulness and manipulative
- Lack of guilt or remorse
Evidence of conduct disorder before the age of 15.
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2
Q

Antisocial PD is the only PD which contains a clear…

A

Developmental component.

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3
Q

Why has the Antisocial PD diagnostic criteria been criticized?

A
  • Mostly behavioral

- Lower cut off criteria (50-80% of inmates

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4
Q

What is the alternative diagnosis for Antisocial PD?

A

Psychopathy

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5
Q

Why is Psychopathy a better diagnosis then Antisocial PD?

A

More discriminative, and therefore can be more useful in differentiating troubled individuals.

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6
Q

What are some symptoms of Psychopathy?

A
  1. Interpersonal Deficits
    - Superficial charm
    - Socially potent
    - Grandiosity
    - Low anxiety
  2. Affective Deficits
    - Shallow emotions
    - Fearless
    - Lack of empathy or guilt
    - Unable to form deep relationships
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7
Q

Describe the “two-process model for etiology” for Antisocial PD?

A

Factor 1 (Affective/Interpersonal
- Underactive Amygdala - poor fear conditioning, inability to read distress cues
Factor 2 (Antisocial behavior)
- Underactive Orbitofrontal Cortex - disinhibition

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8
Q

In individuals with social anxiety or depression the Amygdala is…

A

Overactive

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9
Q

Borderline PD is the most…

A

Common PD encountered in clinical settings

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of Borderline PD?

A
  1. Instability of self-image and relationships
    - lack of coherent identity
    - Intense interpersonal relationships
    - Idolization vs devaluation (hot and cold)
  2. Affective instability
    - Dysphoria and chronic feelings of emptiness
    - Extreme emotional outbursts, especially in response to abandonment.
  3. Impulsive, unpredictable and destructive behavior
    - Recklessness, seeking out dangerous situations
    - Self harm and suicidal tendencies
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11
Q

Borderline PD is very…

A

Heterogeneous

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12
Q

What is Histrionic PD?

A

Extremely dramatic
Shallow emotions
Attention seeking behaviors
Vain, self-centered, demanding

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of Narcissistic PD?

A 
Grandiose, need much admiration
Lack of empathy
Seldom interested in feelings of others
Expect constant attention and admiration
Association with superiority
Exaggerate achievements
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14
Q

What personality disorders do we know the most about?

A

Antisocial PD
Borderline PD
Schizotypal PD

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15
Q

What is the difference between Grandiose Narcissism and Vulnerable Narcissism?

A

The vulnerable Narcissist has an underlying, fragile self esteem. Projecting confidence to feel better about themselves.

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16
Q

What causes Narcissistic PD?

A

Psychodynamic Theory: Reaction formation to cold, rejecting parents, this is known as the Narcissistic Paradox.
Cognitive Theory: Too much positive reinforcement while growing up.

17
Q

Can Narcissistic PD be treated?

A

No

18
Q

What personality disorders fit under cluster 3 (anxious PDs)?

A
  • Avoidant personality disorder
  • Dependent personality disorder
  • Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
19
Q

What are the symptoms of avoidant personality disorder?

A
  • Uncomfortable and inhibited in social situations
  • Feelings of inadequacy
  • Sensitive to negative evaluation
  • Feel unappealing or inferior
  • Few close friends
20
Q

What are the symptoms of dependent personality disorder?

A
  • Central feature: difficulty with separation
  • Pervasive, excessive need to be taken care of
  • Clingy and obedient
  • Rely on others for decisions (even minor ones)
  • Feel distressed, lonely, and sad; dislike selves
21
Q

What are the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

A

-Preoccupied with order, perfection, and control
=Lose all flexibility, openness, and efficiency

-Unreasonably high standards for selves and others
=Rigid moral code

-Rigid and stubborn; trouble expressing affection
=Relationships often stiff and superficial

22
Q

How is obsessive-compulsive personality disorder different from OCD?

A

OCD is a thought disorder, where as obsessive-compulsive personality disorder relates to personality

23
Q

What are some limitations with the DSM-5 system?

A
  • Excessive comorbidity
  • Inadequate coverage
  • Excessive within-diagnosis heterogeneity
  • No clear boundary between normal and pathological personality
  • Inadequate scientific base
24
Q

What is a potential solution to the problems in the DSM-5 for diagnosing personality disorders?

A
  • Dimensional personality traits define disorders (Individuals vary in degree rather than in kind)
  • Constellation of extreme manifestation of personality traits (on a bell curve) + impairment in functioning results in a disorder
25
Q

Describe the alternative version of the DSM-5 model for personality disorders..

A

First need Significant impairments in self (identity or self-direction) and interpersonal (empathy or intimacy) functioning

Then create personality profile against five Personality Trait Domains (Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition & Compulsivity, Psychoticism)

Personality types then defined by trait profiles

26
Q

What is Personality Disorder Trait Specific (PDTS)?

A

When person meet criteria for a personality disorder but does not fit neatly into a category

27
Q

How are personality disorders diagnosed according to ICD-11?

A

One diagnosis based on severity:

  • No disorder / personality difficulty
  • Mild, moderate, severe PD
  • Based on impairment in functioning

Five Personality Trait Qualifiers:

  • Negative Affectivity
  • Detachment
  • Dissociality
  • Disinhibition
  • Anankastia (compulsivity)

PSYC112 2024 (33 decks)

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