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junior year semester one > CHEMISTRY FINAL > Flashcards

CHEMISTRY FINAL Flashcards

1
Q

chemistry

A

study of molecules and matter

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2
Q

element

A

pure substance, only 1 atom type

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3
Q

chemical change

A

observes chemical change

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4
Q

physical change

A

observes w/o chemical change

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5
Q

chemical property

A

actual substance change

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6
Q

physical property

A

no substance change, just characteristics

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7
Q

K

A

kilo, 10 to 3rd

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8
Q

m

A

milli, 10 to -3rd

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9
Q

C

A

centi, 10 to -2nd

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10
Q

d

A

deci, 10 to -1st

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11
Q

mass

A

m, kilogram

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12
Q

length

A

l, meter

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13
Q

temperature

A

T, kelvin

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14
Q

mole

A

amount of substance, n and mol

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15
Q

density

A

mass + volume,

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16
Q

volume

A

length x width x height

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17
Q

scientific method

A

observing data, hypothesizing, testing, and theorizing

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18
Q

sig figs

A

0s only impt if btwn number, in front of number, or after of decimal point

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19
Q

precision

A

how close together group of measurements are

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20
Q

inversly proportional

A

xy = k, hyperbola

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21
Q

directly proportional

A

y =kx, linear

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22
Q

Democritus

A

thought matter couldn’t be divided indefinitely. Called the smallest part “atoms”, or atom.

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23
Q

Ernest Rutherford

A

“Gold Foil” experiment. Discovered that the atom is mostly empty space, with a positive nucleus

24
Q

john dalton

A

Proposed the first modern Atomic Theory stating that atoms were solid and indivisible.

25
Q

jj thomson

A

plum pudding, atoms are composite objects, made of pieces with positive and negative charge, and that the negatively charged electrons within the atom were very small

26
Q

millikan

A

oil drop experiment, oil charged to mass ratio of electron

27
Q

gold foil experiment

A

alpha particles shot thru gold foil to screen. it made 180 ==> discovering nucleus

28
Q

cathode ray

A

glass tube electrocuted = gas glowed green, negatively

29
Q

atomic number

A

is # of protons and nucleus, protons = electrons

30
Q

mass numer

A

protons + neutrons, round to whole number

31
Q

isotopes

A

atoms of same element but diff masses

32
Q

average mass

A
  1. change % abundance
  2. multiply decimal by mass
  3. add answers
33
Q

avogadru’s number

A

amount of atoms in a mole. 6.02 x 10 to 23rd

34
Q

converting

A

g ==> mol ==> atoms

35
Q

electromagnetic radiation

A

waves ==> wavelength

36
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

range of wavelengths and frequencies.

37
Q

electrons

A

negative particles

38
Q

wavelength

A

gymnast doing splits kinda meter, length of a wave

39
Q

frequency

A

stretched out V waves per second, hertz

40
Q

speed of light

A

3.00 x 10 to 8 mls

41
Q

equations for speed of light

A

C = AV, A = C / V, V = C / A

42
Q

planck

A

E = h v = 6.26 x 10 -34 J

43
Q

heisenberg uncertainty principle

A

can’t know position and velocity of electron at same time

44
Q

quantum numbers

A

principal = n and energy level 1-7

45
Q

angular momentum

A

(sublevel)

46
Q

principal

A

(energy level)

47
Q

magnets

A

m, which orbital

48
Q

spin, s

A

+-1/2

49
Q

aufbau

A

lowest energy orbital

50
Q

pauli

A

no 2 electrons have same set of quantum numbers

51
Q

hund

A

electrons occupy empty orbitals before pairing

52
Q

S = 0

A

1 orbital, 2 electrons

53
Q

P = 1

A

3 orbitals, 6 electrons

54
Q

D = 2

A

5 orbitals, 10 electrons

55
Q

F = 3

A

7 orbitals, 19 electrons

56
Q

shapes

A

linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal, bent; molecular polarity; intermolecular attraction

junior year semester one (41 decks)

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