Chemistry

Question 1

Ions

Answer 1

Atoms that have lost electrons or gained electrons

Question 2

Loss of electrons

Answer 2

Positive ion

Question 3

Gain of electrons

Answer 3

Negative ion

Question 4

Metallic bonding

Answer 4

is the force of attraction between these free-moving (delocalised) electrons and positive metal ions

Question 5

Metallic bonding electrical conductivity

Answer 5

The delocalised electrons are free to move throughout the lattice, this means they can carry an electric current (good electrical conductors)

Question 6

Metallic bonding thermal conductivity

Answer 6

The delocalised electrons can move and vibrate and so transfer thermal energy from one to another through the metal (good conductors of heat)

Question 7

Metallic bonding malleability

Answer 7

Metals are malleable (they can be hammered into shape)

Question 8

Metallic bonding ductility

Answer 8

Metals are ductile (they can be drawn into wires)

Question 9

Electrostatic attraction metallic bonding

Answer 9

-greater electrostatic attraction between the positive ions and delocalised electrons
-more energy is needed to overcome these forces

Question 10

Group 1 melting point

Answer 10

Low

Question 11

Group 1 density

Answer 11

Low

Question 12

Group 1 hardness and strength

Answer 12

Soft and weak

Question 13

Group 1 reactivity with oxygen

Answer 13

High to ver high

Question 14

Group 1 reactivity with chlorine

Answer 14

React vigorously to produce solid metal chlorides

Question 15

Group 1 reactivity with water

Answer 15

Vigorous to very vigorous

Question 16

Group 1 metals

Answer 16

-Highly reactive
-1 single electron in the outer shell
-reactivity increases as you go down the group

Question 17

Corrosion

Answer 17

The process where metals react with substances in the air to form oxides, carbonates, hydroxides or other compounds

Question 18

Transition metals melting point

Answer 18

High

Question 19

Transition metals density

Answer 19

High

Question 20

Transition metals hardness and strength

Answer 20

Hard and strong

Question 21

Transition metals reactivity with oxygen

Answer 21

Slow to very slow

Question 22

Transition metals reactivity with chlorine

Answer 22

Less reactive, iron wool heated strongly will react with chlorine to produce iron (II) chloride

Question 23

Transition metals reactivity with water

Answer 23

Relatively unreactive

Question 24

When group 1 metals react with water they form

Answer 24

Hydrogen gas and metal hydroxide

Question 25

When group 1 metals react with oxygen to form

Answer 25

Solid white oxides

Question 26

an acid

Answer 26

a proton H+ ions donor. contains H+ ions

Question 27

an alkali

Answer 27

a water soluble base. contains OH- ions

Question 28

a base

Answer 28

a proton H+ ions acceptor

Question 29

physical properties of acid

Answer 29

- they are irritant - react with bases in a neutralisation reaction - react with metals to form hydrogen gas - pH less than 7

Question 30

neutralisation reaction

Answer 30

acid + base -> water + salt

Question 31

collision theory 3 statements

Answer 31

- molecules must collide in order to react - molecules must have enough energy when they collide - molecules must be in the correct spatial orientation when they collide

Question 32

proton

Answer 32

- found in nucleus - +1 charge - mass of 1

Question 33

neutron

Answer 33

- found in nucleus - no charge - mass of 1

Question 34

electron

Answer 34

- found in orbitals - -1 charge - mass of 1/2000th

Question 35

collision theory temp

Answer 35

as temp increases, kinetic energy of the molecules increases. they move faster according them to collide more

Question 36

increasing the temp

Answer 36

increases the probability of collision increases the proportion of molecules with enough energy to react

Question 37

collision theory catalysts

Answer 37

provide an alternative reaction pathway that has a lower activation energy. more molecules will have enough energy to react

Question 38

chromotography

Answer 38

the separation of the components of a mixture in a liquid or gas carrying it through a structure holding the stationary phase

Question 39

adsorption

Answer 39

when a substance binds to or attaches to another

Question 40

adsorbent

Answer 40

often used to describe the stationary phase in chromatography because substances become adsorbed to it during separation

Question 41

affinity

Answer 41

attraction towards two phases

Question 42

stationary phase

Answer 42

is fixed

Question 43

mobile phase

Answer 43

is able to move