A8 Flashcards
What are the 6 C’s
Care
Compassion
Communication
Courage
Commitment
Competence
Care definition
A care worker should do all they can to maintain or improve an individuals health and well-being
Compassion definition
Being able tit provide care and support with kindness, consideration, respect and empathy
Communication
Essential to developing good relationships with patients, their families and with your colleagues. Being able to have conversations and listen to individuals
Courage definition
Being brave and able to speak up about concerns, doing the right thing and being able to try something new
Commitment definition
A care worker is dedicated to providing care and support to meet individuals’ needs
Competence definition
Refers to the ability of a care worker to provide high quality, effective care by applying their knowledge, skills, experience and understanding to meet an individuals needs
Name the 6 principles of the Care Act 2014
-empowerment
-protection
-prevention
-proportionality
-partnership
-accountability
Empowerment
Individuals should be supported to make their own decisions based on the best possible information. They should be encouraged to take control of their lives, be confident and make their own independent decisions
Protection
Service users who are in greatest need of support and protection
Partnership
Working with a range of professionals, groups and communities to prevent, detect and report abuse or neglect
Accountability
Healthcare professionals need to be accountable for any activities in relation to safeguarding
Prevention
Better to take action before harm occurs
Proportionality
Actions should be proportionate to the risk, being overprotective can disadvantage service users to be able to make their own decisions
Name some regulatory bodies
-care quality commission (CQC)
-health and safety executive (HSE)
-nursing and midwifery council (NMC)
-general data council (GDC)
-health and care professional council (HCPC)
-ofsted
-information commissioners office (ICO)
Information commissioners office (ICO)
An independent body whose role is to uphold and promote information rights in the public interest, encouraging transparency in terms of data usage and data privacy for individuals
Ofsted
Government organisation that inspects and regulates social care services that care for children and young people
Health and care professionals council (HCPC)
This organisation regulates 15 health-related professionals including paramedics, dieticians, radiographers, speech and language therapists etc.
sets standards for professionals education, training and practise.
Nursing and midwifery council (NMC)
Establishes the expectation that registered professionals will uphold the standards and behaviours set out in the NMC code
What does the NMC promote
Self reflection
Evaluation of practice to improve services
General dental council (GDC)
The role of setting and maintaining standards of dental care law tide and so protecting people from unqualified dental practitioners
Health and safety executive (HSE)
Independent regulator for health and safety in the work place
The HSE’s role
-enforce health and safety law in the workplace
-inspect health and care workplaces
-provide advice on health and safety in the workplace
-improve health and safety in the workplace
Care quality commission (CQC)
Regulator of health and social care for England
Role of the CQC
-registering care services to ensure essential standards if quality and safety are met
-carrying out inspections of health and social care
-publish inspection reports which rate care settings
-issuing cautions, warning notices and fine if standards are not met
-provide recommendations of how the service can improve
Birth to infancy
- a baby relies totally on their carers to provide support with hydration, nutrition and personal care needs
- a transition would be moving from being home all day to starting nursery
Care needs for infancy
-food, clothing, shelter
-love, safety
-activity and sleep
-immunisations
-stimulation to learn new skills
Early childhood
- a child may well need support with self esteem and independence when starting primary school
- other transitions requiring physical and mental support may include the birth of a sibling or moving house
Care needs in early childhood
-health
-exercise
-rest and sleep
-opportunities to play and learn
-opportunities to develop social skills
Adolescence support
-transferring to secondary school
-taking exams
-puberty
-drivings test
-first job
-relationships
-leaving home
Adolescence care needs
-health ~ menstruation, skin problems, eating disorders
-social and emotional needs ~ relationships, feelings
Early adulthood
Support with general health and well-being
Changes such as marriage, having children, changing jobs
Early adulthood care needs
-pregnancy
-emotional needs
-drug/alcohol problems
-dietary intolerance
Middle adulthood
Support with diagnosis and treatment of conditions and possible loss of parents
Retirement decision
Middle adulthood care needs
-menopause
-emotional needs
-illness may develop
-coping with stress due to work
Later adulthood
Effects of ageing may begin
Support needed with hydration, nutrition, mobility
Later adulthood care needs
-chronic health problems may develop
-sensory problems
-loss of mobility
-emotional needs ~ feeling lonely, isolated
Person centered care
Practitioners working together with an individual to plan their care and support to meet their unique needs at their particular stage in life
Key values
-compassion
-improving lives
-respect and dignity
-commitment to quality of care
-working together for patients
-everyone counts
Compassion
Proving care that demonstrates kindness, empathy, respect and consideration for the individual receiving treatment
Improving lives
Finding treatments and aids that help individuals to have a healthier and better lufe
Respect and dignity
Important to respect an individuals views, opinions and choices to show that they matter, that they are valued as an individual
Commitment to quality of care
NHS carries out clinical audits to review standards of care and implements changes where needed
Working together for patients
This value means that staff in all parts of the NHS work together to support the care of individuals using health services
Everyone counts
No one should be discriminated against on any grounds of prejudice, including their age, ethnicity, or gender
Purpose of the personalisation agenda 2012
Agenda is designed to put the individual first in the process of planning, developing and providing care
Person centred planning
Planning places the person at the centre of their care and enables them to have a package of care out in place to support them to live as independently as possible
Mallows hierarchy of needs theory
Bottom to top
-physiological needs ~ breathing, food, water, shelter, clothing, sleep
-safety and security ~ health, employment, property, family and social ability
-love and belonging ~ friendship, family, intimacy, sense of connection
-self esteem ~ confidence, achievement, respect of others
-self actualisation ~ morality, creativity, acceptance, experience
End of life care
Is personalised care for individuals who have been given a terminal diagnosis or are towards the end of their life
Specialist teams of professionals support the person to live as well as possible until they die
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)
An individual has requested that they should be allowed a natural death without any attempt of CPR if their heart stops beating
Ensuring that any care provided is in the individual’s best interest
Taking into account an individuals circumstances, needs and preferences before a decision is made
Before decisions about care are made, individuals should be given full information in a format they can understand
Complying with autonomous practice
Care planning and person centred care must follow best practice guideline and be based on professional ethics and practitioner expertise
Ethics
Concerned with what is morally right or wrong
Autonomous
Able to act independently having control; not being forced to do something
Encouraging engagement with healthcare professionals
Regular contact with healthcare professionals is important for monitoring and individuals health and well-being
Verbal communication
-face to face conversations
-phone calls
-asking questions
-recorded messages
-delivering a presentation
-interviewing someone
Non verbal communication
-gestures
-facial expressions
-body language
-eye contact
Methods for sensory impairments
-marathon ~ a simplified form of sign language
-British sign language ~ using hand signals
-PECS (picture exchange communication system) ~ uses pictures
-braille ~ involves touching a series of raised dots
Active listening
-open relaxed posture
-eye contact
-nodding agreement
-showing empathy
-clarifying
Barriers to communication
-sensory disorder
-mental health condition
-language barriers
-time pressures
-noisy environment
-tension or conflict
-positioning of the individual from healthcare professional
Barriers for visually impaired
Information not available in different formats
Barriers for deaf and hearing impaired
Hearing loop not available
No staff available to perform sign language
PECS not available
Barriers for speech impatient
An alternative method isn’t method
Stroke/dementia patients may not be able to physically talk
Mental health condition
Someone with dementia may not be shoe to answer questions
Someone with learning disability myself not have the ability or vocabulary to comminicate
Language barriers
Information not available in different languages
No interpreter available
Someone may have a strong accent making it diffuse to understand
Practitioners using medical terminology or jargon
Time pressures
Some individuals will take longer than others to describe their symptoms or problems
Noisy environment
Can be distracting if there is a lot of background noise when trying to have an important conversation and it can cause people to miss important information because they can’t hear the person talking properly
Positioning of the individual from the healthcare professional
Free spaces for meetings may be too small so individuals invade each other’s personal space or cannot sit facing each other in the position they would like
Tension or conflict
There may be tension because the individual is angry or upset following an argument, circumstances in their life or event their health and this carries through into their responses to a practitioner asking questions
Overcoming barriers to communication
-actively listening to the individual about their communication needs
-active involvement from the individual
-access to information that is understandable to the particular individual
-offer a choice of communication aids/support
-offer the individual access to a range of support options and choices
Ways of communicating effectively
-using vocabulary that can be understood by all
-use communication that is appropriate to the individual
-listen to individuals’ needs
-adapt communication to meet indictable needs or the situation
Mental capacity act 2005 five principles
-a presumption of capacity ~ every adult has the right to make their own decisions
-support the individuals to make their own decisions ~ a person must be given all practicable help before anyone treats them as not being capable
-recognise that unwise decisions don’t mean lack of capacity ~ an individual may make an unwise decision but doesn’t mean they are lacking capacity
-best interests ~ action taken under the act on behalf of a person who lack capacity
-less restrictive option ~ anything done for or on behalf of a person who lacks capacity should be the least restrictive of their basic rights
Liberty protection safeguards (LPS)
Ensured that individuals are only deprived of their liberty or freedom in extreme situations to protect them and keep themselves safe
Safeguards would apply when
-the person lack capacity to consent to care arrangements
-the person has a serious mental disorder
-the arrangements are necessary to prevent harm
-the arrangements must be proportionate to the likelihood and severity of harm
End of life care
The Care provided when the efforts made to successfully treat or control a disease have come to an end
Palliative care
Palliative care is given by trained nurses that helps ensure those who are ill receive the correct comfort and care before passing away
Hospice
A place or organisation that provides care for people who are dying
Expected death
The result of gradual deterioration in an individuals health, often due to advanced disease or terminal illness
Sudden or unexpected death
Death without warning i.e a car crash, heart attack
Grief
A response to loss of an important person in your life
Bereavement
Term used to describe the sense of loss when someone close passes away
Stages of grief
Stage 1 denial
Stage 2 anger
Stage 3 bargaining
Stage 4 depression
Stage 5 acceptance
Advanced care planning process allow you to have control on the end of life care:
-identify where they wish to die
-state their priorities
-make choices about treatments
-decide the type of treatment they don’t want
-reduce the risk if conflicting decisions
-make professionals aware of their wishes
Practising and promoting the 6C’s
-providing choice and gaining consent
-ensuring privacy and dignity
-respecting individuals
-following the duty of care
-dealing with conflicts between rights and duty of care
-ensuring partnership working
-ensuring honesty
-prevent discrimination
-escalating concerns
Ensuring privacy and dignity
It is vital to respect and protect the individuals privacy
Respecting individuals
Refers to
-equality
-sexuality
-rights
-confidentiality
Following the duty of care
Professionals to protect individuals they care for and support by protecting them from danger, harm and abuse
Dealing with conflicts between rights and duty of care
Ensuring partnership working
This involves different professionals, services and agencies working together to provide the most effective care for an individual requiring treatment or support
Ensuring honesty
Being honest about what went well and what didn’t when reflecting on your work is important for professional development
Prevent discrimination
This can be achieved through promoting inclusion and developing an inclusive environment, ensuring equal opportunities for all
Escalating concerns
To take an issue very seriously and to take further action, usually by involving more senior staff
Serious illness when providing PCC
There are many different signs and symptoms of cancer depending on the type, treatments include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy
Neurological conditions (dementia)
Many different types of dementia but all result in memory loss, confusion, disorientation and communication difficulties
Respiratory conditions (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
Respiratory conditions affect breathing often involving problems with the lungs and airways
Physical disabilities (wheelchair user)
An individual may be a wheelchair user for a variety of reasons, may have been born with a disability or involved in an accident in later life
Ongoing treatments
Ongoing treatments are for most serious conditions
Overall well-being
Some treatments for a serious disease can cause side effects, can include pain, trouble sleeping, fatigue, vomiting etc. may affect the persons general well-being
Follow the person centred plan
An holistic needs assessment will be carried out to inform the person centred planning with the aim of ensuring adequate support is provided for both the carer and the ill individual
Co morbidity and the impact on the individual and their family
Co-morbidity is the presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions occurring in a patient at the same time
Consideration in person centre care
-Ongoing treatment
-Overall well-being
-Follow the person centred care plan
-Co-morbidity and the impact on the individual and their family
Physical support requirements
An individual may not have a car or be able to drive due to their condition. Public transport may be too expensive and not frequent to get to appointments
Communication support requirements
“Easy read” documents will be more helpful for the individual to understand. An individual with learning difficulties may need you to speak slower and clearly
Reduced ability to self care
Individuals with dementia and learning difficulties sometimes forget to eat/drink because they get confused/forget. May forget to shower and brush teeth
Increased monitoring requirements
Each individual requires different types of care and support for their particular needs whether keeping the house clean, cooking meals, remembering to take medication
Refusal of treatment
Refusing to acknowledge their illness can mead some individuals to not go to the doctor or seek medical help
Behaviour that challenges
Sometimes some patients with learning difficulties or dementia can be a bit aggressive if they don’t understand what is happening
Comprehension factors
-anxiety
-lack of understanding
-impaired rationality
-mental health conditions
How to promote independence and self care
-allow individuals to have choice and control over their life
-individuals should have access to support networks, appropriate information, opportunities
-individuals supported to identify their needs
-assistive technology should be made to support their ability
How to support people with bereavement and how to communicate with families
-provide a safe and comfortable environment
-provide emotional support
-use active listening techniques
-acknowledge cultural and religious rituals and beliefs
-understand people have emotional reactions
The importance of managing relationships and boundaries
Boundaries are the limited an individual must work within when carrying out a job role.
Working within boundaries:
-protect those providing and receiving care
-avoids misinterpretation of roles
-helps prevent potential abuse
Practitioners must be aware of professional boundaries
How to work within those parameters
-important to adhere to regulatory bodies standards of professionalism
-professional conversation is part of performance management
Increased support requirements
-physical support requirements
-communication support requirements
-reduced ability to self care
-increased monitoring requirements
Behavioural factors
-refusal of treatment
-behaviour that challenges
