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Psych 1200 > Chapyer 5 > Flashcards

Chapyer 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Circannual rhythems

A

Year long cycles of biological change

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2
Q

Infradian rhythems

A

Biological rhythms that cycle over a period Longer than a day

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3
Q

Ultradian rhythms

A

Biological rhythms that cycle over a period shorter than a day

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4
Q

Circadian rhythms

A

Biological rhythms that cycle over a 24 hr period

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5
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

Revives info about lighting levels from retina and sends info to pineal gland

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6
Q

Pineal gland

A

Releases hormone called melatonin

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7
Q

Melatonin

A

Plays a role in us being drowsy in the evening

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8
Q

Entrainment rhythms

A

Biological rhythms that do not depend on external cues

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9
Q

Polysomnography

A

Set of objective measurements used to examine physiological variabilities during sleep

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10
Q

Electroencephalogram (eeg)

A

Device that measures brain waves using sensors attached to the scalp

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11
Q

Beta waves

A

Awake stage, Hugh frequency and low amplitude waves

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12
Q

Alpha waves

A

Awake and calm stage, waves become slower and larger

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13
Q

Theta waves

A

High amplitude, breathing and blood pressing go down

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14
Q

Delta waves

A

Large looping waves that are high amplitude and low frequency, least responsive

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15
Q

Rapid eye movement sleep (REM)

A

Stage of sleep with quickening of brainwaves, rapid eye movement, no body movement

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16
Q

Restore and repair hypothesis

A

Idea that the body needs to restore its energy levels and repair any wear and tear experiences during the day

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17
Q

Sleep deprivation

A

occurs when people don’t or cannot sleep

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18
Q

Preserve and protect hypothesis

A

Idea that sleep conserve our energy and keeps us out of trouble during night time

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19
Q

Sleep displacement

A

When we are unable to sleep during our normal sleeping times

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20
Q

Insomnia

A

Extreme inability to sleep, diagnosed based upon how rested people feel during the day

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21
Q

Onset insomnia

A

Difficulty falling asleep

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22
Q

Maintenance insomnia

A

Trouble with going back to sleep after awakening during the night

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23
Q

Terminal insomnia

A

When a person wakes up too early and cannot return back to sleep

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24
Q

Secondary insomnia

A

Difficulty sleeping because of other primary influences such as depression pain caffeine or drugs

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25
Night terrors
Vivid or disturbing dreams that can awaken the person up by screaming or thrashing, occur during NREM sleep stage
26
Consciousness
What we are aware of in any point of time
27
Restless leg syndrome
persistent feeling of discomfort in the legs and the urge to continuously move them in different position
28
Somnambulism (sleep walking)
walking around and engaging in activites while asleep
29
Sleep apnea
person has difficulty breathing while they sleep
30
Narcolepsy
Which individuals are very sleepy and even prone to rapidly unpredictable falling asleep during waking hours
31
Wish fulfillment
dreams provide us with what we want in life
32
Manifest content
involves the images and storylines that we dream about
33
Latent content
actual symbolic meaning of a dream built on suppressed sexual/agressive urges
34
Dream work
recording and interesting of dreams, its pseudoscience
35
Activation synthesis hypothesis
suggest dreams arise from brain activity originating from burst of excitatory messages
36
Hypnosis
procedure of inducing heightened state of suggestibility
37
Ideomotor suggestions
suggestions about physical actions
38
Challenge suggestions
suggestions about physical actions that can't be performed
39
Cognitive-perceptual suggestions
suggestions to forget or remember certain things
40
Dissociation theory
explains hypnosis as a unique state in which consciousness is divided two parts, observer and hidden observer
41
Unconscious processing system (hidden observer)
contains our unconscious thought and guide behaviours without the involvement of our conscious mind
42
Executive processing (observer)
part of our conscious mind that maintains aware of events, plans future reactions
43
Social cognitive theory
beliefs and explanation contribute to increased suggestibility
44
Response expectancy
believing that hypnosis works can lead to it working better and actually being hypnotized
45
Cognitive hypnotherapy
combination with other treatments, hypnosis can be effective for treating health issues
46
Meditation
procedure that involves a shift in conscousness to a state in which an individual is highly focused aware and in control of mental processes
47
Focused attention mediation
involves focusing on a single external or internal object
48
Brain death
no part of brain is functional but life support machines may keep vital organs live
49
Coma
opposite of brain death, brain sort of functional
50
Permanent vegetative state
person is in coma and improves slightly, not aware of surroundings
51
Minimally conscious state
state of consciousness that the patients exhibits ac ion that suggest minimal awareness
52
Locked in syndrome
disorder in which a patient is aware and awake but unable to move body
53
Agonist
enhances or mimics activity of a neurotransmitter
54
Antagonist
blocks or inhibits the activity of a neurotransmitter
55
Dopamine
neurotransmitter that is involved in responses to rewarding (pleasurable)
56
Nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental
gives people the feeling of pleasure and will want to do drugs again
57
Physical dependance
inability to stop taking drugs because of withdrawal symptoms avoidance
58
Pyschoactive drugs
substances that affect thinking, behaviour perception, and emotion
59
Stimulants
speeds up nervous system, enhances wake fullness and alertness
60
Ecstasy
classified as a stimulant but also has hallucination effects
61
Hallucinogenic drugs
substance that alters one perception of relality, acts on transmission of serotonin
62
Marijuana
gives combination of hallucinogenic, stimulant, appetite, memory and cognitive, and relaxation effects
63
THC mimics neurotransmitters called..
anandamide
64
Opiates
reduces pain and induce extremely intense feelings of euphoria
65
Sedative drugs
depress activity of the central nervous system, feel drowsy. increase effects of neurotransmitter GABA
66
Alcohol
increased amount of GABA, reduce activity of nervous system increased dopamine and endorphins levels

Psych 1200 (11 decks)

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