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Psych 1200 > Chapyer 5 > Flashcards

Chapyer 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Circannual rhythems

A

Year long cycles of biological change

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2
Q

Infradian rhythems

A

Biological rhythms that cycle over a period Longer than a day

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3
Q

Ultradian rhythms

A

Biological rhythms that cycle over a period shorter than a day

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4
Q

Circadian rhythms

A

Biological rhythms that cycle over a 24 hr period

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5
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

Revives info about lighting levels from retina and sends info to pineal gland

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6
Q

Pineal gland

A

Releases hormone called melatonin

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7
Q

Melatonin

A

Plays a role in us being drowsy in the evening

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8
Q

Entrainment rhythms

A

Biological rhythms that do not depend on external cues

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9
Q

Polysomnography

A

Set of objective measurements used to examine physiological variabilities during sleep

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10
Q

Electroencephalogram (eeg)

A

Device that measures brain waves using sensors attached to the scalp

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11
Q

Beta waves

A

Awake stage, Hugh frequency and low amplitude waves

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12
Q

Alpha waves

A

Awake and calm stage, waves become slower and larger

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13
Q

Theta waves

A

High amplitude, breathing and blood pressing go down

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14
Q

Delta waves

A

Large looping waves that are high amplitude and low frequency, least responsive

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15
Q

Rapid eye movement sleep (REM)

A

Stage of sleep with quickening of brainwaves, rapid eye movement, no body movement

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16
Q

Restore and repair hypothesis

A

Idea that the body needs to restore its energy levels and repair any wear and tear experiences during the day

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17
Q

Sleep deprivation

A

occurs when people don’t or cannot sleep

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18
Q

Preserve and protect hypothesis

A

Idea that sleep conserve our energy and keeps us out of trouble during night time

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19
Q

Sleep displacement

A

When we are unable to sleep during our normal sleeping times

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20
Q

Insomnia

A

Extreme inability to sleep, diagnosed based upon how rested people feel during the day

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21
Q

Onset insomnia

A

Difficulty falling asleep

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22
Q

Maintenance insomnia

A

Trouble with going back to sleep after awakening during the night

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23
Q

Terminal insomnia

A

When a person wakes up too early and cannot return back to sleep

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24
Q

Secondary insomnia

A

Difficulty sleeping because of other primary influences such as depression pain caffeine or drugs

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25
Q

Night terrors

A

Vivid or disturbing dreams that can awaken the person up by screaming or thrashing, occur during NREM sleep stage

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26
Q

Consciousness

A

What we are aware of in any point of time

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27
Q

Restless leg syndrome

A

persistent feeling of discomfort in the legs and the urge to continuously move them in different position

28
Q

Somnambulism (sleep walking)

A

walking around and engaging in activites while asleep

29
Q

Sleep apnea

A

person has difficulty breathing while they sleep

30
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Which individuals are very sleepy and even prone to rapidly unpredictable falling asleep during waking hours

31
Q

Wish fulfillment

A

dreams provide us with what we want in life

32
Q

Manifest content

A

involves the images and storylines that we dream about

33
Q

Latent content

A

actual symbolic meaning of a dream built on suppressed sexual/agressive urges

34
Q

Dream work

A

recording and interesting of dreams, its pseudoscience

35
Q

Activation synthesis hypothesis

A

suggest dreams arise from brain activity originating from burst of excitatory messages

36
Q

Hypnosis

A

procedure of inducing heightened state of suggestibility

37
Q

Ideomotor suggestions

A

suggestions about physical actions

38
Q

Challenge suggestions

A

suggestions about physical actions that can’t be performed

39
Q

Cognitive-perceptual suggestions

A

suggestions to forget or remember certain things

40
Q

Dissociation theory

A

explains hypnosis as a unique state in which consciousness is divided two parts, observer and hidden observer

41
Q

Unconscious processing system (hidden observer)

A

contains our unconscious thought and guide behaviours without the involvement of our conscious mind

42
Q

Executive processing (observer)

A

part of our conscious mind that maintains aware of events, plans future reactions

43
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

beliefs and explanation contribute to increased suggestibility

44
Q

Response expectancy

A

believing that hypnosis works can lead to it working better and actually being hypnotized

45
Q

Cognitive hypnotherapy

A

combination with other treatments, hypnosis can be effective for treating health issues

46
Q

Meditation

A

procedure that involves a shift in conscousness to a state in which an individual is highly focused aware and in control of mental processes

47
Q

Focused attention mediation

A

involves focusing on a single external or internal object

48
Q

Brain death

A

no part of brain is functional but life support machines may keep vital organs live

49
Q

Coma

A

opposite of brain death, brain sort of functional

50
Q

Permanent vegetative state

A

person is in coma and improves slightly, not aware of surroundings

51
Q

Minimally conscious state

A

state of consciousness that the patients exhibits ac ion that suggest minimal awareness

52
Q

Locked in syndrome

A

disorder in which a patient is aware and awake but unable to move body

53
Q

Agonist

A

enhances or mimics activity of a neurotransmitter

54
Q

Antagonist

A

blocks or inhibits the activity of a neurotransmitter

55
Q

Dopamine

A

neurotransmitter that is involved in responses to rewarding (pleasurable)

56
Q

Nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental

A

gives people the feeling of pleasure and will want to do drugs again

57
Q

Physical dependance

A

inability to stop taking drugs because of withdrawal symptoms avoidance

58
Q

Pyschoactive drugs

A

substances that affect thinking, behaviour perception, and emotion

59
Q

Stimulants

A

speeds up nervous system, enhances wake fullness and alertness

60
Q

Ecstasy

A

classified as a stimulant but also has hallucination effects

61
Q

Hallucinogenic drugs

A

substance that alters one perception of relality, acts on transmission of serotonin

62
Q

Marijuana

A

gives combination of hallucinogenic, stimulant, appetite, memory and cognitive, and relaxation effects

63
Q

THC mimics neurotransmitters called..

A

anandamide

64
Q

Opiates

A

reduces pain and induce extremely intense feelings of euphoria

65
Q

Sedative drugs

A

depress activity of the central nervous system, feel drowsy. increase effects of neurotransmitter GABA

66
Q

Alcohol

A

increased amount of GABA, reduce activity of nervous system increased dopamine and endorphins levels

Psych 1200 (11 decks)

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