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Psych 1200 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Development Psychology

A

study of human physical, cognitive, social and behavioural characteristics across the lifespan

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2
Q

Cohort effects

A

differences between people that result from being born in different times periods

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3
Q

Attrition

A

participants drop out go a study for somer reason such as moving away or lost interest

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4
Q

Sensitive period

A

window of time during which exposure to a specific type of environmental stimulation needed for normal development of a specific ability

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5
Q

What occurs during the germinal stage of pregnancy

A

(conception- 2 weeks) migration of blastocyst from the fallopian tubes, plants in uterus. Cellular division = organ, nervous, skin tissues

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6
Q

What occurs during the embryonic stage of pregnancy

A

(2-8 weeks) cell layers become differentiated, major structures (head, limbs, etc) emerge, embryo attaches to placenta

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7
Q

What occurs during the fetal stage of pregnancy

A

(8 weeks- birth) brain development, bodily systems (respiratory, digestive, etc) develop, sex organs appear

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8
Q

Zygote

A

initial cell formed when nuclei of egg and sperm fuse

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9
Q

What week is the differentiation between the berkelium, cerebral hemisphere, and brain stem apparent

A

11 weeks

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10
Q

What week is the forebrain, midbrain and hind break apparent

A

4 weeks

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11
Q

Myelin

A

insulates nerve cells, enabling them to conduct message more rapidly and efficiently

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12
Q

Newborns brain is about how big compared tor adult

A

25% the size of adults

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13
Q

Pregnant woman require how much more energy during pregnancy

A

20%

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14
Q

Children who are malnourished in the womb are more likely to..

A

experience attention deficit disorders and diffucuulties

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15
Q

Teratogens

A

substances such as drugs and environmental toxins that impair process of development

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16
Q

Thalidomides caused what deficits

A

miscarriages, deaf, blindness, phocomelia

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17
Q

Phocomelia

A

victims hands and feet or both emerge directly out of their hips or shoulders and function like flippers

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18
Q

Fetal alcohol syndrome

A

involves abnormalities inmental functioning, growth, and facial development in the offspring of women who use alcohol during their pregnancy

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19
Q

How many causes of FAS occur worldwide

A

1 in 1000

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20
Q

Babies born to mothers who smoke are ..

A

twice as likely to have low birth weight and 30% more likely to have premature birth or SIDS

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21
Q

Preterm infants

A

babies born earlier than 36 weeks

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22
Q

NIDCAP

A

intervention in which preterm infants are closely observed and given intensive care drying essrly development

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23
Q

Kangaroo care

A

focuses on promoting skin to skin contact between infants and caregivers

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24
Q

What month does the brain start receiving signals grout the eyes and ears

A

4 months

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25
What month can infants not only hear but seem to be actively listening
7-8 months
26
How old are babies when they have control of voluntary motor movements
5 months
27
Reflexes
involuntary muscular reactions to specific types of stimulation
28
Rooting reflex
when touch a side of a babies month and which causes infants to orientate themselves toward the stimulation and make sucking motions
29
Moro reflex
occurs when infants lose support of their head, they grimace and reach forward in hugging motion, protective reflex to reach for mother when losing support
30
Grasping reflex
stimulating infants palm, the grasp is remarkably strong and safely holds on to caregiver
31
Synaptogenesis
forming of new synaptic connections
32
Synaptic pruning
lose of weak nerve cell connections
33
Cognitive development
study of changes in memory, thought, and reasoning processes that occur throughout the lifespan
34
Assimilation
conservative process, whereby people fit nee infinite the belief they already possess
35
Accommodation
creative process whereby people modify their belief structures based on experiences
36
Sensorimotor
from birth to 2 yrs during which infants thinking about and exploration of the world are based on immediate sensory and motor experiences
37
Object permanence
ability to understand that objects exist even when they cannot be directly perceived
38
Preoperartional stage
(2-7 yrs) devoted to language development, using symbols. pretend play, and mastering the concept of conservation
39
Conservation
knowledge that quantity or amount of an object is not the same as the physical arrangement
40
Scale errors
children interaction with miniatures or toy sized objects as if they were the real thing
41
Concrete opperational stage
(7-11 yrs) involves the development of advanced cognitive processes such as abstract reasoning and hypothetical thinking
42
Core knowledge hypothesis
proposes that infants have inborn abilities for understanding some key aspects of their environment
43
Habituation
refers to a decrease in responding with repeated exposure to an event
44
Dishabituation
increase in responsiveness with he presentation of a new stimulus
45
Zone of proximal development
development is ideal when children attempt skills and activities that are just beyond what they can do alone, but they have guidance from adults who are attentive to their progress
46
Scaffolding
highly attentive approach to teaching in which teacher matches guidance to the learners needs
47
Attachment
enduring emotional bond formed between individuals
48
Stress anxiety
signs of distress that infants begin to show towards strangers at about 8 months old
49
Strange situation
way of measuring infant attachment by observing how infants behave when exposed to different experiences that involve anxiety and comfort
50
Secure attachment
child shows some distress when caregiver leaves, and avoids strangers. relieved when caregivers come back seeks comfort
51
2 subtypes of insecure attachment
- anxious/resistant | - avoidant
52
Anxious/resistant
clingy to caregiver, very upset when caregiver leaves and scared of stranger, when caregiver is back child seeks comfort but also resists and pushes away
53
Avoidant
child behaves as though they don't need the caregiver, child is unaffected when caregiver leaves and unconcerned about stranger, when caregiver returns doesn't seek comfort
54
Disorganized
realizing that caregiver is source of fear and comfort, confused whether or not they want caregiver comfort or not
55
Self awareness
ability to recognize ones individuality
56
Egocentric
meaning that they only consider their own perspective
57
Theory of mind
ability to recognize the thoughts, beliefs, and expectations of others, and to understand that these can be different from ones own
58
Attachment behavioural system
focused on meeting our own needs for security
59
Caregiver behavioural system
focused on meeting the needs of others
60
Introjection
internalization of the condition regard of significant others
61
Inductive discipline
involved explaining the consequences of a child's actions on other people, activating empathy for others feelings
62
Primary sex traits
changes in the body that are part of the reproduction
63
Secondary sex traits
changes in the body tat are not part of reproduction
64
Menarche
onset of menstruation
65
Spermarche
first ejaculation of sperm
66
Delay gratification
putting off immediate temptations in order to focus on longer term goals
67
Adolescents have less developed ______ which causes...
frontal lobes; impulse decisions
68
Social intuitionist model of mortality
argues that moral judgements are guided by intuitive, emotional reactions
69
Preconventional morality
characterized by self-interest in seeking reward or avoiding punishment
70
Conventional morality
regards social conventions and rules as guides for appropriate moral behaviour
71
Postconventional morality
considers rules and laws as relative
72
Crowds
larger than cliques characterized by common behaviour
73
Identity
clear sense of what kind of person you are, what types of people you belong with, and what roles you should play in society
74
What percentage of teens aged 15-19 report having sex
40-50%
75
Young adulthood is what age span
18-40 yrs
76
Middle adulthood is what age span
40-65 yrs
77
Older adulthood is what age span
65 +
78
Menopause
termination of the menstrual cycle
79
Dementia
mild to sever disruption of mental functioning, memory loss, disorientation, poor judgement, and decision making
80
Approx how many adults older than 71 have dementia
14%
81
Alzheimers disease
degenerative and termal condition resulting in severe damage of the entire brain
82
Brains of people with Alzheimers have ..
beta amyloid protein which kills nerve cells
83
What percent of marriages end in divorce
40%`
84
4 horse man of the apocalypse
- criticism - defensiveness - contempt - stonewalling
85
Contempt
when you feel superior to your partner
86
Stonewalling
stone silence, one word answer, etc
87
Generativity
being engage in meaningful and productive world, as well as making contribution to future generations
88
Socioemotional selectivity theory
described how older people have learned to pay more attenuate to positive experiences and set goals that emphasize positive emotions and meaningful connections

Psych 1200 (11 decks)

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