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Psych 1200 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Cognitive revolution

A

study of internal mental processes became an acceptable target for research

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2
Q

The alkinson-shiffrin (multi-store) model of memory

A

stimulus–> sensory organs–> sensory memory–> short term memory long term memory

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3
Q

During alkinson-shiffrin model of memory what occurs

A

info is rehearsed and some info is encoded into long term memory

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4
Q

Sensory organs

A

sense, eyes/ears, etc

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5
Q

Sensory memory

A

limitless, but short lived

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6
Q

Short term memory

A

lasts 30 seconds, working memory and rehearsal

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7
Q

Long term memory

A

unlimited, but not always accessible

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8
Q

Ionic memory

A

visual sensory store (no more than 1 second)

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9
Q

Echoic memory

A

auditory sensory store (no more than 5 seconds)

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10
Q

The whole report and condition

A

flashing letters at someone then asking them to report them back, can usually report 3-4 out of 12 letters

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11
Q

The partial report condition

A

hearing a tone while looking at letters to decided which row to repeat, people can report 3-4 out of 4

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12
Q

Attention

A

helps select a portion of the sensor memory for further processing

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13
Q

Change blindness

A

showwing someone a change in a picture, easier when presented simultaneously

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14
Q

Chunking

A

letters placed randomly vs connecting to larger units

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15
Q

The serial position effect

A

if given a long list of words, most likely to remember the first few and last few

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16
Q

First few words remembered =

A

primacy effect

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17
Q

Last few words remembered =

A

recency effect

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18
Q

2 types of forgetting

A
  • proactive interference

- retroactive interference

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19
Q

Proactive interference

A

after hearing the first few words this makes it hard to remember other info

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20
Q

Retroactive interference

A

info presented later makes it hard to remember stuff from before

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21
Q

Phonological loop

A

for keeping sound based info active with rehearsal

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22
Q

The word length effect

A

easier to remember short words

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23
Q

Visuospatial sketchpad

A

for representing visual info and where objects are in space (traffic flow)

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24
Q

Feature binding

A

seeing something as whole rather than a collection of features

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25
Episodic buffer
for representing combined auditory, visual, and knowledge from long term memory store
26
Central executive
for coordinating the functions of the 3 storage systems and directing attention to sensory inputs
27
Declarative memory
memories that involve our conscious minds and that we can we can describe verbally
28
Non-Declarative (implicit) memory
memory for previously learned s``kills and associations that guide our thoughts, feelings snd actions automatically and unconsciously
29
Non-declarative memory includes...
includes all of the unconscious influences of memory
30
Types of declarative memory
- episodic memory | - semantic memory
31
Episodic memory
memory for specific, autobiographical events in ones life
32
Semantic memory
general knowledge about the world that does no involve accessing the details of any particular life experience
33
Example of semantic memory
knowing difference between leprechaun and elf
34
Edouard Claparede
shook the amnesia lady's hand with pin for experiment
35
Procedural memory
knowledge abut how to perform actions (dance routine)
36
Priming
involves an unconscious influence of an experience on our subsequent thoughts or behaviours
37
Donald Hebb
"cell that fire together, wire together" termed long term potentiation
38
Long term potentiation
when neutrons across the brain fire the same time, the bonds between them get stronger
39
Consolidation
the capacity to remember an event over the long term relies on a binding together of strong connections between the pattern of neural firing thats associated with that experience
40
Henry Molaison (H.M)
had brain surgery to stop his epilepsy but as a results suffered from amnesia
41
Anterograde amnesia
an inability to remember any events occurring after some brain altering experience
42
Retrograde amnesia
not remembering experiences that occurred at some point of time before the trauma or surgery
43
3 ways of incoming sensory info
- encoding - storage - retrieval
44
Encoding
info is converted for storage
45
Storage
info is retained in memory
46
Retrieval
info is recovered from memory when needed
47
Rote learning
merely repeating info over and over again with the goal of remember it for long term
48
Crank and watkins study involved
participants said numbers, then repeated a word a few times then had to say the number again
49
In crank and watkins study the amount of times repeating the word had...
no effect on the likelihood of remembering them
50
Crank and watkins study supports..
keeping info active in working memory, but is poor way of achieving long term memory
51
Maintenance rehearsal
mindless repetition and rote learning
52
Levels of processing frame work
- shallow processing - intermediate processing - deep processing
53
Shallow processing
thinking about the appearance of the word
54
Intermediate processing
thinking about what the word sounds like
55
Deep processing
thinking about the meaning of the word
56
Effective other methods of elaborative rehearsal
- self reference effect | - survival processing
57
Self reference effect
thinking about info in a way that relates to ourselves and our other personal experience
58
Survival effect
thinking about info in a way that relate to personal survival
59
Recognition
identifying something that you've experienced
60
Recall
requires bringing to mind details about a period experience
61
Retrieval cues**
matches make you think about fire
62
Encoding specificity
successful remembering depends on the degree of match between the current situation and the event that we are trying to remember
63
Context dependent memory
remembering memories of a place when you are there
64
State dependent learning
remembering will be more successful when a persons internal state at time of encoding matched their internal state of the time of retrieval (study while high, take test while high)
65
Mood dependent learning
remembering will be more successful when a persons mood at the tie of encoding matched their mood at time of retrieval
66
The room of emotion in remembering
high emotion leads to better remembering
67
Neilson and colleagues study
shown list of words then one group a pic of surgery and others infractions on how to brush your teeth, survey pic helped remember more
68
Flashbulb memory`
events so emotional and shocking that you will never forget any details but not true and less accurate after time, more confident about their memory of the extreme event
69
Hermann Ebbinghaus
first to discover forgetting curse, studied his own memory of mixing words
70
Mnemonics
methods for making info memorable (do kids play games on family game sunday)
71
Elaborative rehearsal
the more you think about something the more likely you are to remember
72
Guided imagery
a technique meant to help individuals remember and event from earlier in their life by having them imagine what the type of event might have been like
73
Imagination inflation
the more a person imagines what an event would be like, the more likely they will be to become convinced that the imagined event actually happened to them
74
Schemas
general knowledge in memory about what features are typical for certain types of situations
75
Deese Roediger Mcdermott (DRM) effect
people think that they saw the critical lure on the list, even though it wasn't presented
76
Misinformation effect
when biasing questions alter an eyewitnesses memory for the event they witnessed
77
Bruck and Ceci study
janitor cleaning or not then asked children different questions, tell adults what they want to hear

Psych 1200 (11 decks)

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