chapters 20 +21 Flashcards
Abraham Lincoln
President during the Civil War that opposed slavery
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States
George McClellan
Did not act on Lincoln’s orders. He made costly mistakes & gave the South time to escape & counterattack. McCellan was fired twice by Lincoln
U.S. Grant
“The Butcher,” a failure in business, an alcoholic, yet a bold military leader, his best-fought campaign of the war was the siege on Vicksburg, overall strategy was, “When in doubt, fight.” He cornered Lee
William T. Sherman
His men conquered & burned Atlanta. His purpose was to destroy Confederate supplies and weaken the morale of the men by destroying their homes. “War is all hell.”
John Wilkes Booth
Shot Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C.
Elizabeth Blackwell
1st female doctor, organized the U.S. Sanitary Commission
Clara Barton
Red Cross, transformed nursing into a profession
Lincoln’s 1st inaugural address
Main idea: the Union will be preserved & there will be no conflict unless the South provokes it
Ft. Sumter
100 men; few provisions, Lincoln had to choose: surrender or reprovision the garrison? Lincoln sent the provisions, reasoning that if the South attacked the North would be the victim. The South saw this as an act of aggression & commenced a successful 34-hr. Bombardment of the fort on April 12, 1861. Lincoln called for 75,000 militiamen & a blockage of the South
Border States
Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, later W. Virginia
Were held onto because of their large white population, manufacturing, & vital rivers. Lincoln had to stay away from the issue of slavery to keep them. He insisted that the war was being fought to preserve the Union
Trent Affair
2 Confederate diplomats were removed from a British mail steamer (the Trent) by a Union crew. The men were released but it almost caused a war between the U.S. & G.B.
suspension of the writ of habeas corpus
So that anti-Unionists could be arrested (meaning individuals were denied the right to an order stating why they were being detained). Suspended certain newspapers & had their editors arrested & arranged for “supervised” voting in the Border States
conscription
Forceful enlistment
NY Draft Riots
Led by Irish-Americans, at least 120 killed
1st Bull Run
Ended the illusion of a “Ninety-Day War,” civilians rode out to watch.
The North lost: after a hard day’s fight, the South received reinforcements, which led to victory. The defeat motivated the North to prepare for a prolonged war. The South’s morale was boosted
Anaconda Plan
Blockade the South, seize the Mississippi River, send troops through GA & the Carolinas, & capture Richmond
Total War
Involves military conflict in which the contenders are willing to make any sacrifice in lives & other resources to obtain a complete victory
ironclad battle
Battles involving iron ships, not wooden. First “ironclad” battle: Monitor vs. Merrimack (renamed the Virginia) at the Battle of Hampton Roads (Mar. 1862)
Antietam
McCellan’s men discovered a secret copy of Lee’s battle plans in a field. McCellan failed to act on the intel, and the resulting battle was one of the bloodiest of the war. McCellan allowed Lee to escape across the Potomac
Emancipation Proclamation
Enslaved people were freed only in areas behind Confederate military lines
54th MA regiment
Allowed Black people to be enlisted
Gettysburg
Meade vs. Lee (July 1-3, 1863)
Highlights are Little Round Top (day 2) & Pickett’s Charge (day 3). The “high tide of the Confederacy)
Gettysburg Address
Lincoln was called “ludicrous” and “silly” by the Southern press
Peace Democrats
Nominated George McClellan, whose platform was “negotiated peace”
Copperheads
Extreme Peace Democrats who openly obstructed the war, attacked the draft, Lincoln, & emancipation
Election of 1864
Northern Democrats divided (Peace vs. War). Peace Democrats nominated George McClellan, whose platform was “negotiated peace.”
The Republicans joined with the War Democrats & renamed themselves the National Union Party. They nominated Lincoln who won, thanks to a series of Union victories
Radical Republicans
Created the Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War in 1861. They were for emancipation & against the expansion of presidential powers in wartime
Union Party
The Republicans joined with the War Democrats
Appomattox
Grant captured Richmond, VA, in early April 1865 & cornered Lee at Appomattox Court House
13th Amendment
Ended slavery
