chapter 34 Flashcards
Executive Order 9066
Japanese Americans were forced into “relocation camps”
Korematsu v. U.S.
The Supreme Court upheld the internment policy in Korematsu v. U.S.
War Production Board
Halted the production of nonessential consumer items
Office of Price Administration
Implemented rationing on tires, gas, sugar, coffee, fats, meat, & shoes
War Labor Board
Established price ceilings on wage increases. Labor strikes & walkouts were common
Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act
Banned strike activity that interfered w/ production in fed-operated factories
“Rosie the Riveter”
Propaganda image associated with female defense workers during the war
Tuskegee Airmen
Flew in more than 1,600 fighter-support missions in North Africa without ever losing a bomber
Braceros Program
Brought 4.6 million Mexicans back into the country to harvest crops between 1942 and 1964
Randolph’s Protest
Randolph, head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, threatened to bring thousands of Black people to Washington, D.C. to demand equal opportunity in factory work
“code talkers”
Comanches & Navajos (American Indians) who used their language to transmit secret messages during wartime
“Zoot-Suit Riots”
(L.A.) Latinos clashed with white servicemen, who found the “extravagant” zoot-suits worn by some Latinos to be offensive
Bataan Death March
The American-Filipino forces surrendered the Philippines and were forced on an 80-mi. march to a POW camp
Battle of Midway
Japan tried to take Midway Island, but the U.S. forces kept them from doing so in another carrier-based aircraft battle. All four Japanese carriers were sunk. The U.S. lost one of three carriers (U.S.S. Yorktown)
Leapfrogging
The U.S. strategy of bypassing some of the most heavily fortified Japanese posts, capturing nearby islands, setting up airfields, and neutralizing enemy bases with heavy bombing
Battle of the Atlantic
German subs torpedoed hundreds of American ships. Americans fought back using radar, convoys, air patrols, and by bombing sub bases
the Holocaust
The Nuremburg Laws, passed in 1935, restricted the lives of Jewish people (e.g. curfews, wearing the Star of David, prohibited from voting). German and Polish Jewish people were moved to ghettos or work camps. The “Final Solution” of genocide started in 1942
the ABC-1 agreement
The ABC-1 agreement w/ the British adopted the strategy of defeating the Germans first
Battle of Stalingrad
U.S.S.R.: Soviet forces stalled the Germans, beginning a year-long counteroffensive campaign in which the Soviets regained ⅔ of the territory taken from them by the Germans
Operation Torch
The British and Americans create a diversionary front by assaulting N. Africa
Casablanca Conference
FDR and Churchill agreed to invade Sicily & Italy. They insisted on unconditional surrender
Tehran Conference
FDR, Churchill, and Stalin agreed to launch Soviet attacks on Germany from the East simultaneously with an Allied assault from the West (Operation Overlord)
Operation Overlord, D-Day
Operation Overlord: Allied assault from the West
D-Day: June 6, 1944
Yalta Conference
FDR, Stalin, and Churchill hammered out final plans for defeating the Germans and established the UN
Battle of the Bulge
Hitler’s last offensive was to concentrate his forces on the American lines at the Ardennes Forest. The Americans were driven back, creating a bulge in the Allied line. The German offensive was stopped, however, by the Battle of the Bulge
V-E Day (May 8, 1945)
Germany surrendered Italy on May 2, 1945. On May 7, 1945, the Germans surrendered unconditionally
Battle of Leyte Gulf
Americans defeated the Japanese at Leyte Gulf, finishing off Japan as a sea power
Potsdam Conference
Truman and Stalin agreed to issue an ultimatum to Japan: surrender or be destroyed
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
On Aug. 6, the first bomb was dropped on Hiroshima. A second was dropped on Aug. 9 on Nagasaki
V-J Day (Sept. 2, 1945)
On Aug. 10, the Japanese agreed to peace only if Hirohito could remain on his throne as a figurehead emperor. The Allies accepted
