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Health Assessment > Chapters 17 > Flashcards

Chapters 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Aphthous ulcer

A

“Canker sores”

Small, round ulcers in the oral mucosa of unknown cause

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2
Q

Buccal

A

Pertaining to the cheek

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3
Q

Candidiasis

A

White, cheesy patch on buccal mucosa due to superficial fungal infection

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4
Q

Caries

A

Decay in the teeth

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5
Q

Cheilitis

A

Red, scaling, shallow, painful fissures at the corners of mouth

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6
Q

Choanal atresia

A

Closure of nasal cavity due to congenital septum between nasal cavity and pharynx

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7
Q

Crypts

A

Indentions on the surface of tonsils

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8
Q

Epistaxis

A

Nosebleed usually from anterior septum

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9
Q

Epulis

A

Nontender, fibrous nodeule of the gum

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10
Q

Fordyce gandules

A

Small, isolated, white or yellow papules on oral mucosa

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11
Q

Gingivitis

A

Red, swollen gun margins that bleed easily

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12
Q

Herpes Simplex

A

“Cold sores”

Clear vesicles with red base that evolve into pustules, usually at lip-skin junctions

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13
Q

Koplik spots

A

Small, blue-white spots with red halo over oral mucosal

Early sign of measles

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14
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Chalky white, thick, raised patch on sides of tongue

Precancerous

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15
Q

Malocclusion

A

Upper/lower dental arches out of alignment

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16
Q

Papillae

A

Rough, bumpy elevations on dorsal surface of tongue

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17
Q

Parotid gland

A

Pair of salivary glands in the cheeks in front of the ears

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18
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the throat

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19
Q

Plaque

A

Soft, whitish debris on teeth

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20
Q

Rhinitis

A

Red, swollen inflammation on nasal mucosa

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21
Q

Thrush

A

Oral candidiasis in the newborn

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22
Q

Turinate

A

One of the 3 bony projections into the nasal cavity

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23
Q

Uvula

A

Free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate

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24
Q

Nose’s Function

A

Sensory organ for smell

Warms, moistens, and filtered inhaled air

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25
Q

Kiesselbach’s Plexus

A

Most common site for nosebleeds

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26
Q

What are the palpable sinuses?

A

Frontal Sinus

Maxillary Sinus

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27
Q

What are the only sinuses present at birth?

A

Maxillary Sinus

Ethmoid Sinus

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28
Q

What are the functions of the sinuses?

A

Lighten weight of skull bones
Serve as resonators for sound production
Provide mucus to the nasal cavity

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29
Q

Frenulum

A

Midline fold of tissue that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth

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30
Q

Largest salivary gland

A

Parotid Gland

Within the cheeks in front of the ear

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31
Q

A 70-year-old reports dry mouth. What is the most frequent cause of this?

A

Related to medication

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32
Q

What do you do next when you note a deviated septum?

A

Document the deviation, incase the person needs to be suctioned

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33
Q

Where are oral malignancies most likely to develop?

A

The mucosal “gutter” under the tongue

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34
Q

The tonsils are graded as 3+. Wheat would you see?

A

The tonsils touching the uvula

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35
Q

What is the function of the nasal turbinates?

A

Warm the inhaled air

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36
Q

The opening of an adult’s parotid gland (Stensen’s duct) is opposite to ___ ____ molar

A

Upper second

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37
Q

Characteristics of a nasal polyp:

A

Pale, gray in color
Movable
Nontender

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38
Q

The examiner notes small round white shiny papules on the hard palate of a newborn. Normal/Abnormal?

A

Normal

Epstein pearls

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39
Q

When assessing the tongue, you should:

A

Palpate the U-shaped area under the tongue

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40
Q

What is common with aging adults regarding the nose?

A

Decreased ability to identify odors

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41
Q

What is common in African Americans regarding the mouth?

A

Leukoedema

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42
Q

Leukoedema

A

Benign milky, blue-white area on the buccal mucosa

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43
Q

3 Consequences of malocclusion

A

Further tooth loss
Muscle imbalance - muscle spasms, tenderness, and chronic headaches
Otheoarthritis - inability to fully open mouth

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44
Q

Malocclusion

A

Teeth drift

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45
Q

What occurs in a pregnant women due to increased vascularity?

A

Nasal stuffiness

Epistaxis

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46
Q

Deciduous teeth

A

Temporary teeth

47
Q

How many deciduous teeth do children have?

A

20

48
Q

By what year should all deciduous teeth be showing?

A

2.5 years of age

49
Q

If no deciduous teeth are showing by 1 year. Normal/Abnormal

A

Abnormal

50
Q

Deviated Septum

A

Looks like a hump in one of the nasal cavities

Not significant unless airflow is obstructed

51
Q

Nasal Perforation

A

If light shining through a nares, you can see a spot of light shining through the other nares
Occurs with cocaine use

52
Q

Torus Palatinus

A

A bony prominence down the middle of the hard palate
Benign growth
Arises after puberty

53
Q

What can cause epistaxis?

A

Trauma
Vigorous nose blowing
Foreign body

54
Q

What is the procedure for epistaxis?

A

Sit head tilted forward, pinch nose above nostril for 10-15 minutes

55
Q

Sense of smell diminishes with what 3 things?

A

Smoking
Chronic allergies
Aging

56
Q

Average healing of viral sore throats without antibiotics.

A

3-5 days

57
Q

Group A Streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis symptoms

A

100.4 F fever
Absence of cough
Tonsillar exudates
Cervical adenopathy

58
Q

What can occur with untreated GAS?

A

Pertonsillar abscess
Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis

59
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

60
Q

Bruxism

A

Grinding teeth

61
Q

Xerostomia

A

Dry mouth

Side effect of drug (Pg. 352)

62
Q

What does the mucosa of a patient who had chronic allergies look like?

A

Swollen, boggy, pale, and gray

63
Q

Cherry colored lips occurs with what 3 things?

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning
Acidosis from aspirin poisoning
Ketoacidosis

64
Q

Pallor colored lips occur with 4 things?

A

Shock
Anemia
Cyanosis with hypoxemia
Chilling

65
Q

Gingival hyperplasia

A

Enlargement of the gums

Occurs with: puberty, pregnancy, leukemia

66
Q

Rhinorrhea

A

Nasal discharge

Occurs with colds, allergies, sinus infections, and trauma

67
Q

Dark line on gingival margins Abnormal/Normal

A

Abnormal

Occurs with lead and bismuth poisoning

68
Q

An enlarged tongue occurs with:

A

Hypothyroidism
Acromegaly
Down syndrome

69
Q

A small tongue occurs with:

A

Malnutrition

70
Q

Dehydrations leads to what characteristics regarding the tongue?

A

Dry mouth

Deep vertical fissures

71
Q

Excessive salvation occurs with what 2 conditions

A

Gingivostomatitis

Parkinson disease

72
Q

Koplik spots

A

Early prodromal signs of measles

73
Q

Fordyce Grandules

A

Small isolated white/yellow papules on the mucosa of cheek, tongue, and lips
Not significant

74
Q

Torus palatinus Abnormal/Normal

A

A normal variation

75
Q

A person with an acute infection of the tonsils may present what symptoms?

A

Bright red
Swollen
Exudate
Large white spots

76
Q

White membrane covering the tonsils. Abnormal/Normal

A

Abnormal

Occur with infectious diseases

77
Q

A patient with Hyperthyroidism most likely will present what symptom?

A

Fine tremor of the tongue

78
Q

A patient with cerebral palsy or alcoholism will exhibit what symptom?

A

Coarse tremor of the tongue

79
Q

Breath odor: Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Fruity smell

80
Q

Breath odor: Malnutrition/Dehydration

A

Acetone smell

81
Q

Breath odor: Uremia

A

Ammonia smell

82
Q

Breath odor: Liver disease

A

Musty smell

83
Q

breath odor: Dental/Respiratory infections

A

Foul/Fetid smell

84
Q

Nasal flaring in a newborn indicates what?

A

Respiratory distress

85
Q

Inability to pass a catheter through the nasal cavity indicates what?

A

Choanal Atresia

86
Q

Sucking Tubercle

A

A small pad in the middle of the upper lip from friction of breastfeeding or bottle-feeding

87
Q

Bednar aphthae

A

Traumatic areas on the posterior hard palate on either side of the midline. Result from abrasions while sucking

88
Q

Aging adult changes:

A 
Nose more prominent
Thick coarse hair
Dental changes
Decreased sense of smell
Gums recede
89
Q

How many teeth should a normal adult have?

A

32

90
Q

Choanal Atresia

A

Congenital defect: bony septum between the nasal cavity and the pharynx
Airway emergency**

91
Q

Symptoms to seasonal allergic rhinitis

A 
Rhinorrhea
Lacrimation
Nasal congestion
Sneezing
Turbinates pale
92
Q

Nasal Polyps symptoms

A

Absences sense of smell

“Valve movement” when breathing

93
Q

Furuncle

A

A small boil located in the skin or mucus membrane of nasal cavity

94
Q

Angular Cheilitis

A

Painful fissures at the corners of the mouth occur with excessive salivation and Candida infection

95
Q

Herpes Simplex-1

A

Common cold sores

Highly contagious - direct contact

96
Q

Carcinoma

A

Crusted, elevated borders

Should be referred of sore on lips doesn’t heal in 2 weeks

97
Q

Baby Bottle Tooth Decay

A

Bottle of sweetened drink before bedtime

98
Q

Dental caries

A

Progressive destruction of tooth

Susceptible sites are: food debris, bacterial plaque, and saliva collect

99
Q

Meth Mouth

A

Meth increases urge to consume sugars and starches, decreases saliva production, increases acidity in mouth, and promotes bacterial growth

100
Q

Aphthous Ulcer

A

“Canker sores” Small round sore on buccal with red ring. Causes unknown

101
Q

Candidiasis

A

White cheesy, curd-like patch on buccal mucosa and tongue.

Scraps off leaving raw, red surface

102
Q

When would a Candidiasis infection occur?

A

Opportunistic infection

After the use of antibiotics and corticosteroids and immunosuppressed people

103
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Chalky, white raised patch on lateral tongue that DOES NOT scrap off.
Lesions are PRECANCEROUS

104
Q

Ankyloglossia

A

Short frenulum

Congenital defect

105
Q

What is more severe: Leukoedema or Leukoplakia

A

Leukoplakia - lesions are precancerous

106
Q

Black Hairy Tongue

A

Fungal infection of the tongue

107
Q

When does a Black hairy tongue occur?

A

After antibiotic use

Heavy smoking

108
Q

Carcinoma of the tongue

A

Ulcer with rolled edges at sides, base, and under the tongue

Smoking, alcohol, and HPV may be cause

109
Q

Macroglossia

A

Enlarged tongue

Not painful but may impair speech

110
Q

Bifid Uvula

A

Looks partly severed and may indicate submucus cleft palate

111
Q

Kaposi Sarcoma

A

Bruiselike, dark color macule usually on the hard palate

May be indicative of AIDS

112
Q

Peritonsillar abscess occurs with untreated ___ ___ ____

A

Acute streptococcal pharyngitis

113
Q

What are the 2 major red flags with Peritonsillar abscess

A

Neck swelling with:
Fever
Decreased range of motion

114
Q

Acute tonsillitis and Pharyngitis symptoms

A

Bright red swollen tonsils
White/yellow exudate
Swollen uvula

Health Assessment (27 decks)

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