Chapters 17 Flashcards
Aphthous ulcer
“Canker sores”
Small, round ulcers in the oral mucosa of unknown cause
Buccal
Pertaining to the cheek
Candidiasis
White, cheesy patch on buccal mucosa due to superficial fungal infection
Caries
Decay in the teeth
Cheilitis
Red, scaling, shallow, painful fissures at the corners of mouth
Choanal atresia
Closure of nasal cavity due to congenital septum between nasal cavity and pharynx
Crypts
Indentions on the surface of tonsils
Epistaxis
Nosebleed usually from anterior septum
Epulis
Nontender, fibrous nodeule of the gum
Fordyce gandules
Small, isolated, white or yellow papules on oral mucosa
Gingivitis
Red, swollen gun margins that bleed easily
Herpes Simplex
“Cold sores”
Clear vesicles with red base that evolve into pustules, usually at lip-skin junctions
Koplik spots
Small, blue-white spots with red halo over oral mucosal
Early sign of measles
Leukoplakia
Chalky white, thick, raised patch on sides of tongue
Precancerous
Malocclusion
Upper/lower dental arches out of alignment
Papillae
Rough, bumpy elevations on dorsal surface of tongue
Parotid gland
Pair of salivary glands in the cheeks in front of the ears
Pharyngitis
Inflammation of the throat
Plaque
Soft, whitish debris on teeth
Rhinitis
Red, swollen inflammation on nasal mucosa
Thrush
Oral candidiasis in the newborn
Turinate
One of the 3 bony projections into the nasal cavity
Uvula
Free projection hanging down from the middle of the soft palate
Nose’s Function
Sensory organ for smell
Warms, moistens, and filtered inhaled air
Kiesselbach’s Plexus
Most common site for nosebleeds
What are the palpable sinuses?
Frontal Sinus
Maxillary Sinus
What are the only sinuses present at birth?
Maxillary Sinus
Ethmoid Sinus
What are the functions of the sinuses?
Lighten weight of skull bones
Serve as resonators for sound production
Provide mucus to the nasal cavity
Frenulum
Midline fold of tissue that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth
Largest salivary gland
Parotid Gland
Within the cheeks in front of the ear
A 70-year-old reports dry mouth. What is the most frequent cause of this?
Related to medication
What do you do next when you note a deviated septum?
Document the deviation, incase the person needs to be suctioned
Where are oral malignancies most likely to develop?
The mucosal “gutter” under the tongue
The tonsils are graded as 3+. Wheat would you see?
The tonsils touching the uvula
What is the function of the nasal turbinates?
Warm the inhaled air
The opening of an adult’s parotid gland (Stensen’s duct) is opposite to ___ ____ molar
Upper second
Characteristics of a nasal polyp:
Pale, gray in color
Movable
Nontender
The examiner notes small round white shiny papules on the hard palate of a newborn. Normal/Abnormal?
Normal
Epstein pearls
When assessing the tongue, you should:
Palpate the U-shaped area under the tongue
What is common with aging adults regarding the nose?
Decreased ability to identify odors
What is common in African Americans regarding the mouth?
Leukoedema
Leukoedema
Benign milky, blue-white area on the buccal mucosa
3 Consequences of malocclusion
Further tooth loss
Muscle imbalance - muscle spasms, tenderness, and chronic headaches
Otheoarthritis - inability to fully open mouth
Malocclusion
Teeth drift
What occurs in a pregnant women due to increased vascularity?
Nasal stuffiness
Epistaxis
Deciduous teeth
Temporary teeth
How many deciduous teeth do children have?
20
By what year should all deciduous teeth be showing?
2.5 years of age
If no deciduous teeth are showing by 1 year. Normal/Abnormal
Abnormal
Deviated Septum
Looks like a hump in one of the nasal cavities
Not significant unless airflow is obstructed
Nasal Perforation
If light shining through a nares, you can see a spot of light shining through the other nares
Occurs with cocaine use
Torus Palatinus
A bony prominence down the middle of the hard palate
Benign growth
Arises after puberty
What can cause epistaxis?
Trauma
Vigorous nose blowing
Foreign body
What is the procedure for epistaxis?
Sit head tilted forward, pinch nose above nostril for 10-15 minutes
Sense of smell diminishes with what 3 things?
Smoking
Chronic allergies
Aging
Average healing of viral sore throats without antibiotics.
3-5 days
Group A Streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis symptoms
100.4 F fever
Absence of cough
Tonsillar exudates
Cervical adenopathy
What can occur with untreated GAS?
Pertonsillar abscess
Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
Bruxism
Grinding teeth
Xerostomia
Dry mouth
Side effect of drug (Pg. 352)
What does the mucosa of a patient who had chronic allergies look like?
Swollen, boggy, pale, and gray
Cherry colored lips occurs with what 3 things?
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Acidosis from aspirin poisoning
Ketoacidosis
Pallor colored lips occur with 4 things?
Shock
Anemia
Cyanosis with hypoxemia
Chilling
Gingival hyperplasia
Enlargement of the gums
Occurs with: puberty, pregnancy, leukemia
Rhinorrhea
Nasal discharge
Occurs with colds, allergies, sinus infections, and trauma
Dark line on gingival margins Abnormal/Normal
Abnormal
Occurs with lead and bismuth poisoning
An enlarged tongue occurs with:
Hypothyroidism
Acromegaly
Down syndrome
A small tongue occurs with:
Malnutrition
Dehydrations leads to what characteristics regarding the tongue?
Dry mouth
Deep vertical fissures
Excessive salvation occurs with what 2 conditions
Gingivostomatitis
Parkinson disease
Koplik spots
Early prodromal signs of measles
Fordyce Grandules
Small isolated white/yellow papules on the mucosa of cheek, tongue, and lips
Not significant
Torus palatinus Abnormal/Normal
A normal variation
A person with an acute infection of the tonsils may present what symptoms?
Bright red
Swollen
Exudate
Large white spots
White membrane covering the tonsils. Abnormal/Normal
Abnormal
Occur with infectious diseases
A patient with Hyperthyroidism most likely will present what symptom?
Fine tremor of the tongue
A patient with cerebral palsy or alcoholism will exhibit what symptom?
Coarse tremor of the tongue
Breath odor: Diabetic ketoacidosis
Fruity smell
Breath odor: Malnutrition/Dehydration
Acetone smell
Breath odor: Uremia
Ammonia smell
Breath odor: Liver disease
Musty smell
breath odor: Dental/Respiratory infections
Foul/Fetid smell
Nasal flaring in a newborn indicates what?
Respiratory distress
Inability to pass a catheter through the nasal cavity indicates what?
Choanal Atresia
Sucking Tubercle
A small pad in the middle of the upper lip from friction of breastfeeding or bottle-feeding
Bednar aphthae
Traumatic areas on the posterior hard palate on either side of the midline. Result from abrasions while sucking
Aging adult changes:
Nose more prominent Thick coarse hair Dental changes Decreased sense of smell Gums recede
How many teeth should a normal adult have?
32
Choanal Atresia
Congenital defect: bony septum between the nasal cavity and the pharynx
Airway emergency**
Symptoms to seasonal allergic rhinitis
Rhinorrhea Lacrimation Nasal congestion Sneezing Turbinates pale
Nasal Polyps symptoms
Absences sense of smell
“Valve movement” when breathing
Furuncle
A small boil located in the skin or mucus membrane of nasal cavity
Angular Cheilitis
Painful fissures at the corners of the mouth occur with excessive salivation and Candida infection
Herpes Simplex-1
Common cold sores
Highly contagious - direct contact
Carcinoma
Crusted, elevated borders
Should be referred of sore on lips doesn’t heal in 2 weeks
Baby Bottle Tooth Decay
Bottle of sweetened drink before bedtime
Dental caries
Progressive destruction of tooth
Susceptible sites are: food debris, bacterial plaque, and saliva collect
Meth Mouth
Meth increases urge to consume sugars and starches, decreases saliva production, increases acidity in mouth, and promotes bacterial growth
Aphthous Ulcer
“Canker sores” Small round sore on buccal with red ring. Causes unknown
Candidiasis
White cheesy, curd-like patch on buccal mucosa and tongue.
Scraps off leaving raw, red surface
When would a Candidiasis infection occur?
Opportunistic infection
After the use of antibiotics and corticosteroids and immunosuppressed people
Leukoplakia
Chalky, white raised patch on lateral tongue that DOES NOT scrap off.
Lesions are PRECANCEROUS
Ankyloglossia
Short frenulum
Congenital defect
What is more severe: Leukoedema or Leukoplakia
Leukoplakia - lesions are precancerous
Black Hairy Tongue
Fungal infection of the tongue
When does a Black hairy tongue occur?
After antibiotic use
Heavy smoking
Carcinoma of the tongue
Ulcer with rolled edges at sides, base, and under the tongue
Smoking, alcohol, and HPV may be cause
Macroglossia
Enlarged tongue
Not painful but may impair speech
Bifid Uvula
Looks partly severed and may indicate submucus cleft palate
Kaposi Sarcoma
Bruiselike, dark color macule usually on the hard palate
May be indicative of AIDS
Peritonsillar abscess occurs with untreated ___ ___ ____
Acute streptococcal pharyngitis
What are the 2 major red flags with Peritonsillar abscess
Neck swelling with:
Fever
Decreased range of motion
Acute tonsillitis and Pharyngitis symptoms
Bright red swollen tonsils
White/yellow exudate
Swollen uvula
